Electric Vehicles

iPlugie: Intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging in Buildings with Grid-Connected Intermittent Energy Resources

Athanasios Aris Panagopoulos
Filippos Christianos
Michail Katsigiannis
Konstantinos Mykoniatis
Georgios Chalkiadakis
Marco Pritoni
Therese Peffer
Orestis Panagopoulos
Emmanouil Rigas
David Culler
Nicholas Jennings
Tim Lipman
2022

Today’s energy market is increasingly integrating time-varying tariffs, peak demand charges, and/or export tariffs. In this context, intelligent charging scheduling can considerably reduce the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging cost. This is especially the case as more and more PEVs are charged in buildings that are also equipped with grid-connected intermittent energy resources (IERs) (e.g., photovoltaic systems and wind turbine generators). In this work, we propose a novel and complete intelligent PEV charging scheduling system (tailored for domestic settings) that can account for...

Evaluating Smart Charging Strategies Using Real-World Data from Optimized Plugin Electric Vehicles

Sierra Spencer
Zhe Fu
Elpiniki Apostolaki-Iosifidou
Tim Lipman
2021

Management of electric vehicle (EV) charging is likely to be critical in avoiding large increases in peak electricity demand and subsequent build outs of generation and distribution infrastructure. Additionally, management of EV charging can help to more effectively utilize renewable energy resources. This study analyzed charging data from a real-world pilot program, the largest household-based study to date to analyze the effectiveness of different smart charging use cases at reducing charging costs and increasing utilization of renewable energy. The study included six different use cases...

The Rise of Electric Vehicles—2020 Status and Future Expectations

Matteo Muratori
Marcus Alexander
Doug Arent
Morgan Bazilian
Pierpaolo Cazzola
Ercan Dede
John Farrell
Chris Gearhart
David Greene
Alan Jenn
Matthew Keyser
Tim Lipman
Sreekant Narumanchi
Ahmad Pesaran
Ramteen Sioshansi
Emilia Suomalainen
Gil Tal
Kevin Walkowicz
Jacob Ward
2021

Electric vehicles (EVs) are experiencing a rise in popularity over the past few years as the technology has matured and costs have declined, and support for clean transportation has promoted awareness, increased charging opportunities, and facilitated EV adoption. Suitably, a vast body of literature has been produced exploring various facets of EVs and their role in transportation and energy systems. This paper provides a timely and comprehensive review of scientific studies looking at various aspects of EVs, including: (a) an overview of the status of the light-duty-EV market and current...

Total Charge Management of Electric Vehicles

Tim Lipman
Alissa Harrington
Adam Langton
2021

Managed charging of electric vehicles has the potential to help balance energy demand on the grid and manage intermittent renewables, save costs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to support California’s strategy to move to full decarbonization by 2045. Electric vehicles can help achieve this goal by acting as a flexible resource for utility grids. They can curtail load when energy demand is high and accept load when energy demand is low and when there is excess generation. Shifting load to lower-cost times can also confer financial benefits to the vehicle owners.

Electric Vehicle Charge Management for Lowering Costs and Environmental Impact

Elpiniki Apostolaki-Iosifidou
Marco Pruckner
Soomin Woo
Tim Lipman
2020

As the number of electric vehicles is increasing, there is a pervasive call for research and new strategies in the field of vehicle grid integration. Using electric vehicle real-time data, drivers' spatial behavior and patterns can be derived for their morning and evening commute. These patterns combined with dynamic electricity costs, wholesale and retail, and variable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, lead to significant outcomes on savings and environmental impact. In this study, electric vehicle charging management is analyzed for the case of north California, using real world data. The...

Open-Source, Open-Architecture Software Platform for Plug-In Electric Vehicle Smart Charging in California

Tim Lipman
Callaway, Duncan
Peffer, Therese
von Meier, Alexandra
2020

This interdisciplinary eXtensible Building Operating System–Vehicles project focuses on controlling plug-in electric vehicle charging at residential and small commercial settings using a novel and flexible open-source, open-architecture charge communication and control platform. The platform provides smart charging functionalities and benefits to the utility, homes, and businesses.This project investigates four important areas of vehicle-grid integration research, integrating technical as well as social and behavioral dimensions: smart charging user needs assessment, advanced load control...

Charging Infrastructure Demands of Shared-Use Autonomous Electric Vehicles in Urban Areas

Hongcai Zhang
Colin Sheppard
Tim Lipman
Teng Zeng
Scott Moura
2020

Ride-hailing is a clear initial market for autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) because it features high vehicle utilization levels and strong incentive to cut down labor costs. An extensive and reliable network of recharging infrastructure is the prerequisite to launch a lucrative AEV ride-hailing fleet. Hence, it is necessary to estimate the charging infrastructure demands for an AEV fleet in advance. This study proposes a charging system planning framework for a shared-use AEV fleet providing ride-hailing services in urban area. We first adopt an agent-based simulation model, called BEAM...

Joint Fleet Sizing and Charging System Planning for Autonomous Electric Vehicles

Hongcai Zhang
Colin Sheppard
Tim Lipman
Scott Moura
2020

This paper studies the joint fleet sizing and charging system planning problem for a company operating a fleet of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) for passenger and goods transportation. Most of the relevant published papers focus on intracity scenarios and adopt heuristic approaches, e.g., agent based simulation, which do not guarantee optimality. In contrast, we propose a mixed integer linear programming model for intercity scenarios. This model incorporates comprehensive considerations of 1) limited AEV driving range; 2) optimal AEV routing and relocating operations; 3) time-varying...

Technology Status and Expected Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Battery, Plug‐In Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Tim Lipman
2011

Electric vehicles (EVs) of various types are experiencing a commercial renaissance but of uncertain ultimate success. Many new electric‐drive models are being introduced by different automakers with significant technical improvements from earlier models, particularly with regard to further refinement of drivetrain systems and important improvements in battery and fuel cell systems. The various types of hybrid and all‐electric vehicles can offer significant greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions when compared to conventional vehicles on a full fuel‐cycle basis. In fact, most EVs used under most...

Analysis of The Combined Vehicle-and Post‐Vehicle-Use Value of Lithium‐Ion Plug-In-Vehicle Propulsion Batteries

Brett Williams
Tim Lipman
2011

Advances in electric-drive technology, including lithium-ion batteries, as well as the development of strong policy drivers such as California’s Global Warming Solutions Act, now contribute to a more promising market environment for the widespread introduction of plug-in vehicles in California. Nevertheless, battery costs remain high and uncertain, presenting significant hurdles to commercialization. This report builds upon previous research (CEC-500-2009-091) investigating the potential reduction in plug-in-hybrid battery lease payments that incorporation of value from postvehicle...