Electric Vehicles

Robust Estimation of State of Charge in Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells Enabled by Online Parameter Estimation and Deep Neural Networks

Shi, Junzhe
Kato, Dylan
Jiang, Shida
Dangwal, Chitra
Scott Moura
2023

This paper addresses the state of charge estimation problem in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cells. LFP cells are particularly challenging because their fat open circuit voltage (OCV) curve means OCV-based battery models are weakly observable. This means standard methods for SOC estimation don't easily converge to the true SOC. Additionally, in practice, estimates must be accurate in the face of biased noise on current input, as well as mean-zero noise on measurements. As such, we aim to create an estimator that is accurate when facing these types of noise. We accomplish this with a...

Advancing Alternative Fuel Aviation Technologies in California

Liu, Yati
Mark Hansen
Ro, Jin Wook
Murphy, Colin W.
2025

The aviation sector in California is facing increased pressure to reduce its carbon footprint, leading to a growing interest in alternative fuel aviation (AFA) technologies such as sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), as well as electric- and hydrogen- powered aircraft. The report develops a California Aviation Energy Model (CAVEM), examining various AFA technologies and analyzing possible policy options. The analysis emphasizes the importance of SAF in the short term, with projections indicating sufficient supply for intrastate flights and capped vegetable oil-based fuel consumption. Long-...

Integrating Urban Air Mobility into the Power Grid through Smart Charging Solutions

Wu, Jiaman
Cao, Shangqing
Mark Hansen
Marta Gonzalez
2025

Adapting the existing power grid to support large-scale urban air mobility (UAM) operations using electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft presents a critical infrastructural challenge that needs to be tackled. To this end, this paper presents a framework for estimating the potential of smart charging to improve power system welfare when integrating large-scale UAM into the power grid. We first estimate passenger travel demand for UAM from location-based service (LBS) data. Then we obtain the feasible charging window of aircraft by solving a fleet dispatching problem to...

Planning for Electric Vehicle Needs by Coupling Charging Profiles with Urban Mobility

Xu, Yanyan
Çolak, Serdar
Kara, Emre C.
Scott Moura
Marta Gonzalez
2018

The rising adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) leads to the temporal alignment of their electricity and mobility demands. However, mobility demand has not yet been considered in electricity planning and management. Here, we present a method to estimate individual mobility of PEV drivers at fine temporal and spatial resolution, by integrating three unique datasets of mobile phone activity of 1.39 million Bay Area residents, census data and the PEV drivers survey data. Through coupling the uncovered patterns of PEV mobility with the charging activity of PEVs in 580,000 session...

Planning for Electric Vehicles Coupled with Urban Mobility

Xu, Yanyan
Çolak, Serdar
Kara, Emre C.
Scott Moura
Marta Gonzalez
2018

The rising adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) leads to the alignment of their electricity and their mobility demands. Therefore, transportation and power infrastructures are becoming increasingly interdependent. In this work, we uncover patterns of PEV mobility by integrating for the first time two unique data sets: (i) mobile phone activity of 1.39 million Bay Area residents and (ii) charging activity of PEVs in 580,000 sessions obtained in the same region. We present a method to estimate individual mobility of PEV drivers at fine temporal and spatial resolution integrating...

Multimicrogrid Load Balancing Through EV Charging Networks

Chen, Xi
Wang, Haihui
Wu, Fan
Wu, Yujie
Marta Gonzalez
Zhang, Junshan
2022

Energy demand and supply vary from area to area, where an unbalanced load may occur and endanger the system security constraints and cause significant differences in the locational marginal price (LMP) in the power system. With the increasing proportion of local renewable energy (RE) sources in microgrids that are connected to the power grid and the growing number of electric vehicle (EV) charging loads, the imbalance will be further magnified. In this article, we first model the EV charging network as a cyber–physical system (CPS) that is coupled with both the transportation networks and...

A Network Spatial Analysis Simulating Response Time to Calls for Service at Variable Staffing Levels

Clark, Callie
Dangwal, Chitra
Kato, Dylan
Marta Gonzalez
2022

In light of recent events, there has been a surge in discussions of defunding police. On one hand, policy that reduces police presence aims to reduce frequency of police violence. On the other hand, downsizing the police force triggers concerns of public safety and police response time. In this work, we use spatial analysis to examine the impact a reduced police force may have on response time. Modeling the transportation system of Chicago as a network, we simulate the response of police officers from stations to incidents. We then use this simulation to calculate the impacts of resource...

EEZ Mobility: A Tool for Modeling Equitable Installation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Clark, Callie
Ozturk, Ayse Tugba
Hong, Preston
Marta Gonzalez
Scott Moura
2022

Public electric vehicle (EV) chargers are unevenly distributed in California with respect to income, race and education-levels. This creates inequitable access to electric mobility especially for low-income communities of color, which. are less likely to have access to home charging stations. These vulnerable communities are also more likely to be located in areas with poor air quality and would therefore benefit from EV adoption. Currently programs exist in California that fund incentives for public EV chargers in “Disadvantaged Communities” but the process for identifying these...

Deadline Differentiated Dynamic EV Charging Price Menu Design

Lu, Chenbei
Wu, Jiaman
Cui, Jingshi
Xu, Yanyan
Wu, Chenye
Marta Gonzalez
2023

The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road brings both opportunities and challenges to the power system. For the EV charging stations (EVCSs), it is often difficult to conduct effective operations due to the incomplete information in EVs’ departure times and the opacity of their preference information. To tackle this challenge, we seek to design the optimal deadline differentiated dynamic price menu that offers multiple choice-pairs of deadlines and charging prices. We prove that such price menus can incentivize EVs to truthfully reveal their departure time. We then...

EEZ Mobility: A Toolf or Modeling Equitable Installation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Clark, Callie
Ozturk, Ayse Tugba
Hong, Preston
Marta Gonzalez
Scott Moura
2022

Public electric vehicle (EV) chargers are unevenly distributed in California with respect to income, race and education-levels. This creates inequitable access to electric mobility especially for low-income communities of color, which. are less likely to have access to home charging stations. These vulnerable communities are also more likely to be located in areas with poor air quality and would therefore benefit from EV adoption. Currently programs exist in California that fund incentives for public EV chargers in “Disadvantaged Communities” but the process for identifying these...