Intelligent Transportation Systems

Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2016 Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge

Ploeg, Jeroen
Englund, Cristofer
Nijmeijer, Henk
Semsar-Kazerooni, Elham
Shladover, Steven
Voronov, Alexey
Van de Wouw, Nathan
2018

Cooperative driving is based on wireless communications between vehicles and between vehicles and roadside infrastructure, aiming for increased traffic flow and traffic safety, while decreasing fuel consumption and emissions. To support and accelerate the introduction of cooperative vehicles in everyday traffic, in 2011, nine international teams joined the Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge (GCDC). The challenge was to perform platooning, in which vehicles drive in road trains with short intervehicle distances. The results were reported in a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on...

Potential Cyberattacks on Automated Vehicles

Petit, Jonathan
Shladover, Steven
2015

Vehicle automation has been one of the fundamental applications within the field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) since the start of ITS research in the mid-1980s. For most of this time, it has been generally viewed as a futuristic concept that is not close to being ready for deployment. However, recent development of “self-driving” cars and the announcement by car manufacturers of their deployment by 2020 show that this is becoming a reality. The ITS industry has already been focusing much of its attention on the concepts of “connected vehicles” (United States) or “cooperative...

A Wireless Token Ring Protocol for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Lee, D.
Attias, R.
Puri, A.
Sengupta, R.
Tripakis, S.
Varaiya, P.
2001

The wireless token ring protocol (WTRP) is a medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless networks in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). It supports quality of service (QoS) in terms of bounded latency and reserved bandwidth. The WTRP is efficient in the sense that it reduces the number of re-transmissions due to collisions. It is fair in the sense that each station takes a turn to transmit and is forced to give up the right to transmit after transmitting for a specified amount of time. It is a distributed protocol that supports many topologies since not all stations need to be...

Distributing Synchronous Systems with Modular Structure

Zennaro, M.
Sengupta, R.
2004

Synchronous programs were introduced to simplify the development of reactive systems hiding the complexity and indeterminism of the interleaving while taking full advantage of possible concurrency. The introduction of communication networks enabled the creation of distributed systems presenting the programmer with a new burden of interleaving and nondeterminism due to the asynchronous communication medium. Again this complexity should be hidden from the user while taking full advantage of the possible concurrency to improve performance. Many algorithms for the automatic distributions of...

Failure Diagnosis of Dynamic Systems: An Approach Based on Discrete Event Systems

Lafortune, S.
Teneketzis, D.
Sampath, M.
Sengupta, R.
Sinnamohideen, K.
2001

We present the salient features of a methodology for failure diagnosis of dynamic systems that can be modeled as discrete event systems. This methodology was introduced by Sampath et al. for centralized systems and subsequently extended by Debouk et al. (2000) for certain classes of decentralized systems. We discuss how to perform detection and identification of unobservable fault events using diagnosers, which are finite-state automata that are built from the discrete-event model of the system under consideration. Examples of diagnosers are given. Comparisons with other methodologies for...

Wireless Token Ring Protocol-Performance Comparison With IEEE

Ergen, M.
Lee, D.
Sengupta, R.
Varaiya, P.
2003

The paper presents the performance advantage of wireless token ring protocol (WTRP) versus IEEE 802.11 in DCF mode. WTRP is a medium access control (MAC) protocol and is designed to provide quality of service in WLANs. WTRP supports guaranteed QoS in terms of bounded latency and reserved bandwidth which are crucial constraints of the real time applications and inapplicable in an IEEE 802.11 network. WTRP is a distributed MAC protocol and partial connection is enough for full connectivity. The stations take turn to transmit and are forced to suspend the transmission after having the medium...

Single-Channel IVHS Communication Architecture

Linnartz, Jean-paul M. G.
1994

This report documents a single-channel architecture offering two-way communication between vehicles and a fixed communication infrastructure. Part I discusses the technical advantages and disadvantages of a dedicated Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) communications infrastructure versus the use of a hybrid system involving several existing communication networks. Aspects such as spectrum efficiency, message capacity, and network performance are described. Part II proposes a network architecture that offers several transmission services essential to IVHS communications, using only...

Longitudinal Control of Heavy Duty Vehicles: Experimental Evaluation

Yanakiev, Diana
Eyre, Jennifer
Kanellakopoulos, Ioannis
1998

This report describes the results of experimental evaluation of longitudinal control algorithms for commercial heavy vehicles (CHVs). Given the problem of delays in the fuel and brake actuators of automated CHVs, the researchers present improved modeling of air brakes for CHVs, and novel nonlinear algorithms for the longitudinal control of CHVs without intervehicle communication. The significance of these results in terms of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) deployment is that one of the major obstacles to autonomous vehicle following for CHVs has now been removed The authors also...

Vehicle Longitudinal Control Using Discrete Markers

Love, David W.
Tomizuka, Masayoshi
1994

In this report, a hybrid observer is proposed as a method of estimating position and velocity of a vehicle when the primary output is a series of discrete magnetic markers placed along a roadway. For the preliminary studies, the vehicle was modeled as a pure inertial system with acceleration input. Two methods of determining the time "tk" at which the "k-th" marker is passed are discussed, and simulations using both methods are shown. Compensation for errors arising due to inaccurate measurement of this time is proposed and validated. A Proportional- Integral-Derivative (PID) controller...

A Communication Architecture for IVHS

Streisand, Susan L.
Walrand, Jean
1992

This paper documents the development of a communications architecture for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) being studied by the California PATH Program. The authors use a layered architecture based on the OSI 7- layer reference model.