Land Use and Built Environment

The Influence of Residential Dissonance on Physical Activity and Walking: Evidence from the Montgomery County, MD, and Twin Cities, MN, Areas

Cho, GH
Daniel Rodriguez
2014

This study investigates to what extent a mismatch between residential preferences and actual residential locations is associated with residents’ physical activity and walking. The residents of Montgomery County, MD, and Twin Cities, MN, were classified into four residential subgroups, and their walking and physical activity outcomes were compared. The results showed that, for transport activity and walking outcomes, participants living in a urban location and preferring a urban environment were more likely to be active than those who lived in a suburban location and preferred a...

Spatiotemporal Approaches to Analyzing Pedestrian Fatalities: The Case of Cali, Colombia

Fox, L
Serre, M
Lippmann, S
Daniel Rodriguez
Bangdiwala, S
Gutierrez, M
Escobar, G
Villaveces, A
2015

Injuries among pedestrians are a major public health concern in Colombian cities such as Cali. This is one of the first studies in Latin America to apply Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) methods to visualize and produce fine-scale, highly accurate estimates of citywide pedestrian fatalities. The purpose of this study is to determine the BME method that best estimates pedestrian mortality rates and reduces statistical noise. We further utilized BME methods to identify and differentiate spatial patterns and persistent versus transient pedestrian mortality hotspots. Methods: In this multiyear...

EasyConnect: Low-Speed Modes Linked to Transit Planning Project

Susan Shaheen
Rodier, Caroline J. PhD
2006

The EasyConnect Low-Speed Modes Linked to Transit Planning Project (TO 5113) project represents the integration of innovative strategies to enhance transit use during the development and construction of a suburban transit oriented development at the Pleasant Hill Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District station in the East San Francisco Bay Area. This planning project brings together a unique partnership including small technology businesses, transportation agencies, city and county government, and academia. The project components include the introduction of shared-use low speed mode...

Carsharing and the Built Environment: Geographic- Information System-Based Study of One U.S Operator

Stillwater, Tai
Mokhtarian, Patricia L.
Susan Shaheen
2009

The use of carsharing vehicles over a period of 16 months in 2006-07 was compared to built environment and demographic factors in this GIS-based multivariate regression study of an urban U.S. carsharing operator. Carsharing is a relatively new transportation industry in which companies provide members with short-term vehicle access from distributed neighborhood locations. The number of registered carsharing members in North America has doubled every year or two to a current level of approximately 320,000. Researchers have long supposed that public transit access is a key factor driving...

Personal Vehicle Sharing Services in North America

Susan Shaheen
Mallery, Mark A.
Kingsley, Karla J.
2012

Over the past three decades, carsharing has grown from a collection of local grassroots organizations into a worldwide industry. Traditional carsharing, though expanding, has a limited network of vehicles and locations. The next generation of shared-use vehicle services could overcome such expansion barriers as capital costs and land use by incorporating new concepts like personal vehicle sharing. Personal vehicle sharing provides short-term access to privately-owned vehicles. As of May 2012, there were 33 personal vehicle sharing operators worldwide, with 10 active or in pilot phase,...

Moving Towards A More Sustainable California: Exploring Livability, Accessibility, and Prosperity

Susan Shaheen
Finson, Rachel
Bhattacharyya, Abhinav
Jaffee, Mark
2016

The Transportation Sustainability Research Center at UC Berkeley conducted a series of tasks to assist the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) with an understanding of prosperity, accessibility, and livability metrics. Research findings were collected through a combination of literature reviews and expert interviews. Researchers found that prosperity, accessibility, and livability metrics all involve a component of cooperation with partner jurisdictions. A flexible approach that accounts for local and corridor considerations and evolves over time is emphasized. The white...

Combined Measure of Neighborhood Food and Physical Activity Environments and Weight-Related Outcomes: The CARDIA Study

Meyer, K
Boone-Heinonen, J
Duffey, KJ
Daniel Rodriguez
Kiefe, CI
Lewis, C
Gordon-Larsen, P
2015

Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors likely reflects access to a diverse and synergistic set of food and physical activity resources, yet most research examines discrete characteristics. We characterized neighborhoods with respect to their composition of features, and quantified associations with diet, physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance (IR) in a longitudinal biracial cohort (n=4143; aged 25–37; 1992–2006). We used latent class analysis to derive population-density-specific (<vs.≥1750 people per sq...

Mundancas Climaticas Globais e seus Impactos Sobre o Regime Hidrologico na Bacia do Rio Madeira

Júnior, JL
Tomasella, J
Daniel Rodriguez
Lopes, LG
Von Randow, Rita
2016

O Rio Madeira é dotado de riquezas essenciais à sociedade, seja por meio da navegação, irrigação de cultivos agrícolas, produção de energia elétrica e o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas. Mas, com as fortes evidências de mudanças climáticas aliadas às alterações no uso do solo estes recursos hídricos podem ser seriamente impactados. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os processos hidrológicos do Rio Madeira para estudos em mudanças climáticas e no uso do solo. Desta forma, calibrou-se o modelo hidrológico de grandes bacias (MGB-INPE) para a representação do clima atual (1970...

Walkability and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Braun, L
Daniel Rodriguez
Evenson, K
Hirsch, J
Moore, K
Roux, AV Diez
2016
We used data from 3227 older adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2004–2012) to explore cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors. In cross-sectional analyses, linear regression was used to estimate associations of Street Smart Walk Score® with glucose, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference, while logistic regression was used to estimate associations with odds of metabolic syndrome. Econometric fixed effects models were used to estimate longitudinal...

The Built Environment and Walking Behavior: Addressing Residential Sorting through Matching in the Cardia Study

Braun, L
Daniel Rodriguez
Song, Y
Meyer, K
Lewis, C
Gordon-Larsen, P
2016
Recent research has shown neighborhood walkability to be positively associated with walking behavior. However, accounting for selective migration and socio-spatial segregation is an ongoing challenge. These forms of residential sorting may result in individuals who are not comparable across levels of neighborhood walkability and may therefore lead to biased inferences about the built environment. We explored the implications of residential sorting using coarsened exact matching (CEM), a method that compares individuals who have similar characteristics but are exposed to different “treatments...