NEXTOR II

Creating Sustainable Aircraft and Routes: The Role of Emissions Analysis by Phase of Flight

D’Auria, Margaret
Davis, Ashley
Freitag, Katherine
Yee, Candace
Chupina, Valeria
Jasenka Rakas
2024

The transportation industry is one of the largest sources of emissions in the United States, accounting for 29% of all emissions. Air transportation contributes a certain portion of these emissions with its reliance on jet fuel. Aircraft emissions occur at different rates, depending on the phase of flight. Some phases constitute the shortest amount of operational time but still account for a significant amount of greenhouse gas and criteria air pollutant emissions. Additionally, some phases of flight are more difficult to decarbonize due to the current limitations in battery and hydrogen...

Formulation of the Airport Collaborative Gate Allocation Problem and the Bee Colony Optimization Solution Approach

Nikolic, Milos
Jasenka Rakas
Teodorović, Dušan
2024

This article formulates the Collaborative Gate Allocation (CGA) problem as a novel concept to reduce aircraft gate-waiting time and to increase aircraft gate utilization. The proposed CGA concept assumes voluntary collaboration and negotiation among airlines and airport operators, enabling them to share real-time information on gate-utilization and gate-sharing. The proposed policy is especially applicable to U.S. airports, as an alternative to exclusive or preferential gate-sharing practices, at terminal buildings that accommodate a large number of smaller airlines during periods of high...

Implications of Wind Changes and Cross Wind Hazard Exposures at California Airports for Regional Air Mobility

Jasenka Rakas
Hu, Yingjie
Lindbergh, Sarah
2024

California has a large number of public airports, including single-runway general aviation airports and small commercial airports. Because of anticipated changes in future temperature and precipitation in California (CA) and their effect on airports, our study raises a related question: will airports in CA experience any significant changes in wind direction and speed? This issue is especially important to address at single-runway airports where the occurrence of crosswinds exceed 10.5kn. Under such crosswind conditions, it is not safe for smaller/lighter aircraft to land and take-off....

Designing Seaplane Basis to Adapt Aviation to Future Sea Level Rise Scenarios

Jasenka Rakas
Zheng, An
Lindbergh, Sarah
Wang, Xiaoyue
2024

Sea level rise (SLR) will pose the greatest threat to coastal airports in the near future. Finding effective ways to mitigate or adapt to the impact of SLR is a challenge that many engineers and city planners have been addressing for a long time. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of seaplane bases and seaplanes as future modes of transportation. Although seaplanes were most popular in the early twentieth century and were eventually phased out with new land-based aircraft, they can potentially be of great use in future climate scenarios. In this study, we propose a...

A Data-Driven Method for Determining Hotspots in Airport Movement Areas

Davis, Jon
Makdisi, Sinan
Holman, Cal
Madrigal, Anahi
Zada, Mohammad
Jasenka Rakas
2025

As aviation demand continues to increase in the post-COVID-19 era, the risk of incidents and accidents in aircraft operations at airport airfields has increased. Large hub airports often contain multiple runways connected to the apron area using a complex system of taxiways. As a result, an increased risk of incidents has been appearing in certain parts of these complex taxiway systems, which are defined as airport taxiway hotspots. While a list of taxiway hotspots at U.S. airports exists to support and alleviate concerns for pilots and ground personnel, the methodology for determining...

Urban Surface and Air Mobility Control: A Microsimulation Integrating Intelligent Fly-Drive Vehicles Into Surface Traffic

Gavric, Slavica
Stevanovic, Aleksandar
Mitrovic, Nikola
Netjasov, Fedja
Jasenka Rakas
2025

The emergence of the urban air mobility (UAM) concept promises to leverage a new generation of electrical vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft to provide three-dimensional and comprehensive transportation services. However, UAM does not provide door-to-door service and often requires other transportation modes to travel from origin to destination. To address this problem, study proposes the Urban Surface and Air Mobility (USaAM) concept that enables door-to-door travel, utilizing the same fly-drive vehicle for both surface and airborne transportation. The proposed USaAM concept...

Aircraft Surface Movement and Operation Monitoring Systems in General Aviation and Commercial Airports: A State-of-the-Art Review

Farhadmanesh, Mohammad
Rashidi, Abbas
Schonfeld, Paul
Jasenka Rakas
Marković, Nikola
2025

Airports are a critical component of the civil infrastructure system, serving as the main entry and exit points for both people and goods. Aircraft operations on airfields are monitored by personnel working at airport air traffic control (ATC) towers. These ground-based traffic controllers deliver advisory services and flight data documentation. Advances in surveillance systems by means of radio, image, and acoustic-based technologies have emerged to help airports monitor aircraft operations on airfields. These systems can provide personnel at control towers with additional information...

Reducing Emissions through Monitoring and Predictive Modeling of Gate Operations of Idle Aircraft: A Case Study on San Francisco International Airport

Jasenka Rakas
Achatz Antonelli, Pietro
Walia, Chanan
Rouzbahani, Parham
Gikas, George
2025

The use of airport gate electrification infrastructure in the form of ground power (GP) and preconditioned air (PCA) systems can reduce energy and maintenance costs, emissions, and health risks by limiting the use of aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU) engines at the gate. However, their benefits can only be gained when they are actually being used; otherwise, pilots keep APUs on to fulfill their aircraft’s demands for electrical power and air conditioning. GP and PCA systems require a large initial infrastructure investment to increase energy efficiency, and they are installed with the...

Autonomous Firefighting Aircraft (AFA) Concept and Remote Unstaffed Heliport Site Selections

Naono, Gene
Rudy, Robert
Tran, Liana
Samaha, Michael
Seeley, Brien
Jasenka Rakas
2025

The Autonomous Firefighting Aircraft (AFA) concept is a state-of-the-art, theoretical model that proposes the physical implementation of a fleet of aircraft operating from a network of strategic locations that can autonomously and rapidly respond to growing wildfires in real-time, using the latest drone and satellite technology (FireSat) as support. The study presents a system design approach and methodology for identifying the optimal locations of air attack bases for the complex web of aircraft that can be activated in the event of fire detection within an agency’s responsibility area....

Cost-effective Sampling to Evaluate Condition of Un-staffed Facilities in National Airspace System

Gupta, Gautam
Jasenka Rakas
Mark Hansen
2025

This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the condition of un-staffed facilities in the infrastructure assets of the National Airspace System (NAS).