Pedestrians

Transport walking has drawn growing interest due to its potential to increase levels of physical activities and reduce reliance on vehicles. While existing studies have compared built environment-health associations between Euclidean buffers and network buffers, no studies have systematically quantified the extent of bias in health effect estimates when exposures are measured in different buffers. Further, prior studies have done the comparisons focusing on only one or two geographic regions, limiting generalizability and restricting ability to test whether direction or magnitude of...

Understanding how the built environment at a neighborhood scale is associated with individuals' walking has been a common research objective in public health and city planning. In contrast to the extant literature, we examine whether a neighborhood's location defined at a regional scale is associated with walking and whether this association is separately identifiable from the association of the neighborhood built environment and walking. The findings indicated that walking for commuting purposes was associated more strongly with neighborhood location than with the neighborhood built...

High vehicle speeds are strongly associated with both a greater likelihood of crash occurrence and more serious pedestrian injury. This study evaluated the effectiveness of traffic signal progression as a speed management tool in three arterial corridors in the city of San Francisco. Analysis of “before” and “after” field data on traffic volumes and speeds were used in the evaluation supplemented with estimates of air pollutant vehicle emissions. The findings show that the implemented control measure is an effective low-cost method to reduce the average speeds at the selected corridors....