The transportation sector accounts for a substantial proportion of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions globally. Electrification of transportation systems has emerged as a promising pathway to achieve sustainability, especially with the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in recent decades. Various types of EVs, particularly battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), have gained considerable attention in research, spanning diverse domains, such as battery management, charging infrastructure planning...