Scooters

Shared Mobility: An Overview of Definitions, Current Practices, and Its Relationship to Mobility on Demand and Mobility as a Service

Susan Shaheen
Adam Cohen
2021

Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, or other travel mode—is an innovative transportation strategy that enables users to have short-term access to a transportation mode on an as-needed basis. Shared mobility encompasses a variety of innovative and emerging passenger and last-mile delivery modes, such as bikesharing; carsharing; courier network services (CNS); for-hire services (e.g., taxis and transportation network companies (TNCs), also known as ridesourcing...

Managing the Curb: Understanding the Impacts of On-Demand Mobility on Public Transit, Micromobility, and Pedestrians

Susan Shaheen
Martin, Elliot
Adam Cohen
Broader, Jacquelyn
Davis, Richard
2026

In recent years, innovative mobility and shifts in travel and consumption behavior are changing how people access and use the curb. Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, scooter, or other mode—coupled with outdoor dining, curbside pick-up, and robotic delivery are creating new needs related to the planning, management, and enforcement of curb access. This study examines curb planning and management from several angles, such as safety, social equity, and multimodal connections. This research employs a multi-method approach to identify the changing needs for curb space...

Shared Micromobility: Policy and Practices in the United States

Adam Cohen
Susan Shaheen
2021

Shared Micromobility - the shared use of a bicycle, scooter, or other low-speed mode - is an innovative transportation strategy that enables users short-term access to a transportation mode on an as-needed basis. Shared micromobility includes various service models and transportation modes that can meet diverse traveler needs, such as station-based bikesharing (a bicycle picked-up from and returned to any station or kiosk) and dockless bikesharing and scooter sharing (a bicycle or scooter picked up and returned to any location). Shared micromobility has the potential to offer communities...

Local Government Strategies to Improve Shared Micromobility Infrastructure

Susan Shaheen
Adam Cohen
Martin, Elliot
2024

Shared micromobility (bikesharing and scooter sharing) experienced market growth since 2021, rebounding from the pandemic across markets in the US, Mexico, and Canada. In partnership with the North American Bikeshare and Scootershare Association (NABSA) and Toole Design, researchers at the Transportation Sustainability Research Center (TSRC) at UC Berkeley have collaborated on the data collection and analysis of the shared micromobility industry metrics through a series of annual reports beginning in 2019. This includes a series of operator and agency surveys.1 Most recently, TSRC...

Climate Change and Urban Transportation in Latin America: Analysis of Recent Projects

Carolyn McAndrews
Elizabeth Deakin
Lee Schipper
2010

Urban transportation investments present an opportunity to mitigate climate change while supporting effective, clean, safe, and equitable transportation. This study reports on the response of a set of urban transportation investments in Latin America to climate change. A sample of recent transportation projects funded by an international bank was analyzed to learn what kinds of infrastructure, plans, and policies were being pursued and to assess whether projects developed specifically to address climate change differed from other projects. Loans and grants supported a mix of infrastructure...

What Should Agencies Measure to Decide If Microtransit Is Working?

Hyland, Michael
Watkins, Kari
Susan Shaheen
2026

California state agencies, public transit agencies, and cities have invested in dozens of microtransit pilot programs, often with the stated goals of improving access, filling gaps in fixed-route public transit service, and serving communities that are difficult to reach by traditional bus or rail. As microtransit services mature, agencies increasingly face decisions about whether to expand, modify, or discontinue microtransit services—and how to allocate scarce operating funds across competing transit priorities.

To Pool or Not to Pool? Understanding Opportunities, Challenges, and Equity Considerations to Expanding the Market for Pooling

Lazarus, Jessica
Caicedo, Juan
Alexandre Bayen
Susan Shaheen
2021

On-demand mobility services such as bikesharing, scooter sharing, and transportation network companies (TNCs, also known as ridesourcing and ridehailing) are changing the way that people travel by providing dynamic, on-demand mobility that can supplement public transit and personal-vehicle use. Adoption of on-demand mobility has soared across the United States and abroad, driven by the flexibility and affordability that these services offer, particularly in urban areas where population density and land use patterns facilitate a reliable balance of supply and demand. The growth of app-based...

Improving California’s Bay Area Rapid Transit District Connectivity and Access with Segway Human Transporter and Other Low-Speed Mobility Devices

Susan Shaheen
Rodier, Caroline
Eaken, Amanda
2005

To evaluate the potential for low-speed modes to improve transit access, the EasyConnect field test will offer shared-use Segway Human Transporters (HT), electric bicycles, and bicycles linked to a Bay Area Rapid Transit District station and surrounding employment centers in California. Because of safety concerns, research was conducted to understand the risks associated with these modes and potential risk factors. A review of the safety literature indicates that user error is the major cause of low speed mode crashes, and significant risk factors are poor surface conditions and...

Mobility and the Sharing Economy: Potential to Overcome First- and Last-Mile Public Transit Connections

Susan Shaheen
Chan, Nelson
2016

Shared mobility—the shared use of a motor vehicle, bicycle, or other mode—enables travelers to gain short-term access to transportation modes on an as-needed basis. The term “shared mobility” includes the modes of carsharing, personal vehicle sharing (peer-to-peer carsharing and fractional ownership), bikesharing, scooter sharing, traditional ridesharing, transportation network companies (or ridesourcing), and e-Hail (taxis). It can also include flexible transit services, including microtransit, which supplement fixed-route bus and rail services. Shared mobility has proliferated in global...

Mobility and the Sharing Economy: Industry Developments and Early Understanding of Impacts

Susan Shaheen
Bansal, Apaar
Chan, Nelson
Cohen, Adam
2017

Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, or other mode—is an innovative transportation strategy that enables users to gain short-term access to transportation modes on an “as-needed” basis. Shared mobility includes various forms of carsharing, bikesharing, ridesharing, on-demand ride services, and microtransit. Additionally, smartphone and mobile “apps” aggregate and optimize these mobility services and are critical to many shared mobility modes. Courier network services connect couriers using their personal vehicles or bicycles with freight and seek to disrupt the existing...