Energy

We introduce (U)NFV, a modular neural network architecture that generalizes classical finite volume (FV) methods for solving hyperbolic conservation laws. Hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) are challenging to solve, particularly conservation laws whose physically relevant solutions contain shocks and discontinuities. FV methods are widely used for their mathematical properties: convergence to entropy solutions, flow conservation, or total variation diminishing, but often lack accuracy and flexibility in complex settings. Neural Finite Volume addresses these limitations by...

In this paper, we proposed an energy-based flight planning system for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM). Fuel consumption estimation at the flight planning stage is safety critical in general aviation, because energy-related failures are often life-threatening. However, conservative fuel estimation is not economical and environmentally friendly because carrying unnecessary fuel load burns a lot of extra fuel. The same reasoning holds in UTM. Aviation researchers are actively working on optimizing fuel loading, but such research is lacking in UTM. In this paper, we...

The internal states of Lithium-ion batteries, notably state of charge (SOC), need to be carefully monitored during battery operation to manage energy and safety. In this paper, we propose an interval observer for SOC estimation in an electrically and thermally coupled parallel connection of cells. This is a particularly challenging problem because mathematically cells in parallel yield a system of differential-algebraic equations (DAE), which are more difficult to handle than ordinary differential equations (e.g. a series string of cells). For a large battery pack with thousands of cells,...

This paper derives provably optimal control trajectories for the Li-ion battery fast charging problem. Conventionally, battery charging protocols must satisfy safety constraints while maximizing the state of charge (SoC) level. In the literature, both computational and experimental studies promote a diversity of algorithms, including pulse charging, multi-step constant currents, and more. Although these approaches yield applicable charging algorithms, the literature lacks a rigorous analytical insight into optimal charging trajectories. In this paper, we focus on the Pontryagin's Minimum...