Land Use and Built Environment

A Tale of Two Trails: Exploring Different Paths to Success

Walker, JG
Evenson, KR
Davis, WJ
Bors, P
Rodriguez, DA
2011

This comparative case study investigates 2 successful community trail initiatives, using the Active Living By Design (ALBD) Community Action Model as an analytical framework. The model includes 5 strategies: preparation, promotion, programs, policy, and physical projects. Key stakeholders at 2 sites participated in in-depth interviews (N = 14). Data were analyzed for content using Atlas Ti and grouped according to the 5 strategies. Preparation: Securing trail resources was challenging, but shared...

Out and About: Association of the Built Environment with Physical Activity Behaviors of Adolescent Females

Rodriguez, DA
Cho, GH
Evenson, KR
Conway, TL
Cohen, D
Ghosh-Dastidar, B
Pickrel, J
Veblen-Mortenson, S
Lytle, L
2012

Locational data, logged on portable GPS units and matched with accelerometer data, was used to examine associations of the built environment with physical activity and sedentary behaviors of adolescent females. In a sample of 293 adolescent females aged 15 to 18 years old in Minneapolis and San Diego, the built environment around each GPS point and its corresponding sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was examined using random intercept multinomial logistic regression models. The odds of higher physical activity intensity (3-level outcome: sedentary...

Role of Built Environments in Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease

Sallis, JF
Floyd, MF
Rodriguez, DA
Saelens, BE
2012
In industrialized nations like the United States and Sweden, the vast majority of adults do not meet the physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes per week.1 Inactive lifestyles put most adults at risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus, obesity, some cancers, osteoporosis, and psychological disorders.2 Physical activity can be...

Pedestrians' Perceptions of Walkability and Safety in Relation to the Built Environment in Cali, Colombia, 2009–10

Villaveces, A
Nieto, LA
Ortega, D
Ríos, JF
Medina, JJ
Gutiérrez, MI
2012

To assess pedestrians' perceptions of the walkability of the urban environment and pedestrian safety in Cali, Colombia. Standardised intercept interviews were conducted of 400 pedestrians walking in 20 randomly selected urban zones to ascertain frequency of walking, and perceptions of safety, the built environment and security. Four focus group meetings were held with community members and students addressing these issues in an open-ended forum. The study analysed quantitative data collected in street interviews and qualitative information from focus groups addressing respondents' views on...

BRT-Oriented Development in Quito and Bogotá

Rodriguez, DA
Vergel, E
Triana, WFC
2013

This report summarizes a study that combines different methods to understand the land development impacts of bus rapid transit (BRT) investments in Quito and Bogotá. Intervention and control zones in each zone are used to quantitatively examine changes in the land market in both cities. Outcomes include land market characteristics such as built area added per year (both cities), units added (Quito), and building permits issued (Bogotá). We use qualitative analyses to examine interviews conducted with 44 key informants in both cities to understand the factors that explain the presence or...

Measurement Properties of a Park Use Questionnaire

Evenson, KR
Wen, F
Golinelli, D
Rodriguez, DA
Cohen, DA
2012

This study determined the criterion validity and test–retest reliability of a brief park use questionnaire. From five U.S. locations, 232 adults completed a brief survey four times and wore a global positioning system (GPS) monitor for 3 weeks. We assessed validity for park visits during the past week and during a usual week by examining agreement between frequency and duration of park visits reported on the questionnaire to the GPS monitor results. Spearman correlation coefficients (SCC) were used to measure agreement. For past week park visit frequency and duration, the SCC were ....

Walk Score® and Transit Score® and Walking in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Hirsch, JA
Moore, KA
Evenson, KR
Rodriguez, DA
Roux, AV Diez
2013
Walk Score® and Transit Score® are open-source measures of the neighborhood built environment to support walking (“walkability”) and access to transportation. To investigate associations of Street Smart Walk Score and Transit Score with self-reported transport and leisure walking using data from a large multicity and diverse population-based sample of adults. Data from a sample of 4552 residents of Baltimore MD, Chicago IL, Forsyth County NC, Los Angeles CA, New York NY, and St. Paul MN from the Multi-Ethnic Study of...

Comparing Measures of Urban Land Use Mix

Song, Y
Merlin, L
Rodriguez, D
2013

We review a variety of common measures of urban land use mix in order to understand their differences and to identify their strengths and limitations. We then apply these measures to data from a Monte Carlo simulation to ascertain statistical relationships among them, finding that they can be placed into four groups where measures within each group produce highly consistent results: Percentage and Exposure Index; all varieties of the Atkinson Index; Balance, Entropy, and Herfindahl–Hirschman indices; and the Dissimilarity and Gini indices. We find that when analyzing two dimensions...

Discrete Land Uses and Transportation Walking in Two US cities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Hirsch, JA
Roux, AV Diez
Rodriguez, DA
Brines, SJ
Moore, K
2013

This study examines associations of disaggregate land uses with self-reported walking for transportation among participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) in Forsyth County, NC and New York, NY. Network distance to each use (in miles), intensity (number of uses per 1/2-mile network buffer) of each use and diversity (number of different uses per 1/2-mile network buffer) of uses were calculated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Associations with odds of meeting recommended physical activity levels (150min/week) were examined after controlling...

The Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Green Buildings in the United States

Kaza, N
Lester, TW
Rodriguez, DA
2013

This paper explores the spatial and temporal patterns of green building in the commercial and institutional sectors in the US. While these buildings are becoming more commonplace, they have yet to reach a critical mass to affect the entire construction industry. Given the potential for green building practices to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, the paper seeks to understand the geography of green building. Using multiple metrics, it explains the patterning of geography of LEED and Energy Star certified buildings in the US. Strong evidence is found of clustering at the...