Pedestrians

Land Use Challenges to Implementing Transit-Oriented Development in China: Case Study of Jinan, Shandong Province

Alainna Thomas
Elizabeth Deakin
2008

Several Chinese cities are interested in incorporating transit-oriented development (TOD) around their subway stations. Few cities, however, have considered incorporating TOD into their bus systems; fewer still have included China's bike population. The midsize Chinese city of Jinan, capital of the northeastern province of Shandong, wants to incorporate both bus rapid transit (BRT) and TOD within its urban planning framework. Jinan is set to construct a 135-km BRT network and seeks to incorporate TOD initially at the neighborhood level and eventually in the entire city. As part of an...

Drivability vs. Walkability: Assessing Shorter- and Longer-Term Transportation Planning Tradeoffs in a Chinese Context

Wendy Tao
Shomik Raj Mehndiratta
Elizabeth Deakin
2007

This paper describes how cities in developing countries often invest large sums to build highways and arterials serving a rapidly growing number of automobiles. Although highway investments are a priority, walking remains the most common mode of transport and buses (or motorbikes) the most common form of motor vehicle in use. The wide new arterials deliver short-term employment and construction spending benefits and in the longer term can contribute to increased productivity. On the other hand, their design and operation can reduce accessibility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit...

Compulsory Convenience? How Large Arterials and Land Use Affect Midblock Crossing in Fushun, China

Wendy Tao
Shomik Mehndiratta
Elizabeth Deakin
2010

Abstract: This study focuses on how street design and land uses influence pedestrian behavior in a medium-sized Chinese city, Fushun. In cities throughout China, the change from workplace-managed and assigned housing to market housing has had profound effects on pedestrians. Coupled with motorization, pedestrian trips are increasingly external, pushed out of the protected space of the gated block and onto massive arterials that now carry automobiles, trucks, and buses in growing numbers. Long blocks, unenforced zebra crossings, and inadequate green time at traffic signals do not equitably...

Perception-Based Walkability Index to Test Impact of Microlevel Walkability on Sustainable Mode Choice Decisions

Sungjin Park
Elizabeth Deakin
Jae Seung Lee
2014

This pilot study had two major research goals. The first goal was to develop a perception-based composite walkability index, with which researchers could evaluate the microlevel quality of the walking environment in an objective and systematic way. The second goal was to test the impact of microlevel walkability on mode choices, including walking as a travel option. For the development of a perception-based composite walkability index, a case study was conducted in the station area near the downtown of Mountain View, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Three surveys were conducted:...

Can Good Walkability Expand the Size of Transit-Oriented Developments?

Sungjin Park
Elizabeth Deakin
Kitae Jang
2015

This pilot study challenged two pieces of conventional wisdom related to transit-oriented development: (a) the popular but unproven principle of a 0.5-mi radius threshold and (b) its concentric circular shape. On the basis of a detailed literature review, the current research traced the origins of the ideas of a 0.5-mi radius and a 0.25-mi radius and explored the concept of acceptable access distance as an alternative to the current rule-of-thumb threshold distance. An acceptable walking distance was hypothesized to be positively influenced by microlevel walkability. A case study was...

Climate Change and Urban Transportation in Latin America: Analysis of Recent Projects

Carolyn McAndrews
Elizabeth Deakin
Lee Schipper
2010

Urban transportation investments present an opportunity to mitigate climate change while supporting effective, clean, safe, and equitable transportation. This study reports on the response of a set of urban transportation investments in Latin America to climate change. A sample of recent transportation projects funded by an international bank was analyzed to learn what kinds of infrastructure, plans, and policies were being pursued and to assess whether projects developed specifically to address climate change differed from other projects. Loans and grants supported a mix of infrastructure...

Strategies for Improving Pedestrian Safety: Cases from Jalisco and Michoacán, Mexico

Carolyn McAndrews
Elizabeth Deakin
Alfredo Celis De la Rosa
2008

In developing countries, the growing use of autos is creating a clash with pedestrians. Pedestrian-vehicle collisions clearly have immediate negative consequences on public health. In the longer run, if walking is not safe, comfortable, and convenient, it is likely to decline as a mode of travel in countries where households and individuals increasingly have the means to choose alternatives. Even so, most people will continue to walk for many trips, and with increasing motorization will be at risk of harm unless the safety and comfort of the walking environment is improved. We use data...

Women and Cycling: A Case Study of the Use of San Francisco Bike Lanes

Elizabeth Deakin
Vidya Bhamidi
Dorry Funaki
Tasha Colani
Margaret McCarthy
2018

This paper presents a case study of the use of San Francisco bike lanes with a focus on women. Bike counts and intercept surveys of cyclists at three locations in San Francisco’s SoMa District were complemented by focus groups with cyclists, particularly women cyclists, and brief interviews with non-cyclists. Consistent with other US studies, we find that white men are disproportionately represented among the cyclists we observed, and that women bike less and bike shorter distances. However, at least in the SoMa sample, women are more likely to bike to work than men. Cyclists included...

Reducing Annotation Cost in Vision Language Pedestrian Re Identification via Uncertainty Driven Sampling

Anderson, Michael
Daniel Rodriguez
Chen, Yi
2026

Scaling pedestrian re-identification for autonomous driving is limited by the cost of identity labeling across large camera networks. Inspired by CLIP-based uncertainty modal modeling, this paper proposes an active learning approach that selects labeling candidates using uncertainty in the joint vision–language embedding space. The method combines (i) uncertainty sampling for ambiguous matches, (ii) diversity sampling based on embedding coverage, and (iii) batch acquisition with redundancy control. Experiments are conducted on a large-scale dataset with 400,000 images and 50,000 identities...

Traffic Flow on Pedestrianized Streets

Carlos Daganzo
Knoop, V. L.
2016

Giving pedestrians priority to cross a street enhances pedestrian life, especially if crosswalks are closely spaced. Explored here is the effect of this management decision on car traffic. Since queuing theory suggests that for a given pedestrian flux the closer the crosswalk spacing the lower the effect of pedestrians on cars, scenarios where pedestrians can cross anywhere should be best for both cars and pedestrians. This is the kind of pedestrianization studied. Analytic formulas are proposed for a pedestrianized street’s capacity, free-flow speed and macroscopic fundamental diagram. Of...