Public Transportation

Plug-and-Play Model Predictive Control for Load Shaping and Voltage Control in Smart Grids

Le Floch, Caroline
Bansal, Somil
Tomlin, Claire J.
Moura, Scott J.
Zeilinger, Melanie N.
2019

This paper presents a predictive controller for handling plug-and-play charging requests of flexible loads in a distribution system. Two types of flexible loads are defined: (1) deferrable loads that have a fixed power profile but can be deferred in time and (2) shapeable loads that have flexible power profiles but fixed energy requests, such as plug-in electric vehicles. The proposed method uses a hierarchical control scheme based on a model predictive control formulation for minimizing the global system cost. The first stage computes a reachable reference that trades off deviation from...

Optimization of Powerplant Component Size on Board a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Bus for Fuel Economy and System Durability

Wang, Yongqiang
Moura, Scott J.
Advani, Suresh G.
Prasad, Ajay K.
2019

The size of the individual powerplant components on board a fuel cell/battery hybrid vehicle affects the power management strategy which determines both the fuel economy and the durability of the fuel cell and the battery, and thus the average lifetime cost of the vehicle. Cost is one of the major barriers to the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles, therefore it is important to study how the sizing configuration affects overall vehicle cost. In this paper, degradation models for the fuel cell and the battery on board a fuel cell/battery hybrid bus are incorporated into the power...

Valuation of Public Bus Electrification with Open Data

Vijay, Upadhi
Woo, Soomin
Moura, Scott
Jain, Akshat
Rodriguez, David
Gambacorta, Sergio
Ferrara, Giuseppe
Lanuzza, Luigi
Zulberti, Christian
Mellekas, Erika
Papa, Carlo
2022

This research provides a novel framework to estimate the economic, environmental, and social values of electrifying public transit buses, for cities across the world, based on open-source data. Electric buses are a compelling candidate to replace diesel buses for the environmental and social benefits. However, the state-of-art models to evaluate the value of bus electrification are limited in applicability because they require granular and bespoke data on bus operation that can be difficult to procure. Our valuation tool uses General Transit Feed Specification, a standard data format used...

Valuation of Urban Public Bus Electrification with Open Data and Physics-Informed Machine Learning

Vijay, Upadhi
Woo, Soomin
Moura, Scott J.
Jain, Akshat
Rodriguez, David
Gambacorta, Sergio
Ferrara, Giuseppe
Lanuzza, Luigi
Zulberti, Christian
Mellekas, Erika
Papa, Carlo
2023

This research provides a novel framework to estimate the economic, environmental, and social values of electrifying public transit buses, for cities across the world, based on open-source data. Electric buses are a compelling candidate to replace diesel buses for their environmental and social benefits. However, the state-of-art models to evaluate the value of bus electrification require granular and bespoke data on bus operation that can be difficult to procure. This strict requirement on data and modeling can hinder potential collaborators on bus electrification, such as electric vehicle...

Public Transportation Systems: Principles of System Design, Operations Planning and Real-Time Control

Daganzo, Carlos F.
Ouyang, Yanfeng
2019

This unique book explains how to think systematically about public transportation through the lens of physics models. The book includes aspects of system design, resource management, operations and control. It presents both, basic theories that reveal fundamental issues, and practical recipes that can be readily used for real-world applications. The principles conveyed in this book cover not only traditional transit modes such as subways, buses and taxis but also the newer mobility services that are being enabled by advances in telematics and robotics.

Bus Lanes with Intermittent Priority: Screening Formulae and an Evaluation

Eichler, Michael
Daganzo, Carlos F.
2005

This paper evaluates strategies for operating buses on signal-controlled arterials using special lanes that are made intermittently available to general traffic. The advantage of special bus lanes, intermittent or dedicated, is that they free buses from traffic interference; the disadvantage is that they disrupt traffic. We find that intermittent lanes, unlike dedicated ones, do not significantly reduce street capacity. Intermittence, however, increases the average traffic density at which the demand is served, and as a result increases traffic delay. These delays are more than offset by...

Bus Lanes with Intermittent Priority: Strategy Formulae and an Evaluation

Eichler, Michael
Daganzo, Carlos F.
2006

This paper evaluates strategies for operating buses on signal-controlled arterials using special lanes that are made intermittently available to general traffic. The advantage of special bus lanes, intermittent or dedicated, is that they free buses from traffic interference; the disadvantage is that they disrupt traffic. We find that bus lanes with intermittent priority (BLIPs), unlike dedicated ones, do not significantly reduce street capacity. Intermittence, however, increases the average traffic density at which the demand is served, and as a result increases traffic delay. These delays...

Bus Lanes with Intermittent Priority: Strategy Formulae and an Evaluation

Eichler, Michael
Daganzo, Carlos F.
2006

This paper evaluates strategies for operating buses on signal-controlled arterials using special lanes that are made intermittently available to general traffic. The advantage of special bus lanes, intermittent or dedicated, is that they free buses from traffic interference; the disadvantage is that they disrupt traffic. We find that bus lanes with intermittent priority (BLIPs), unlike dedicated ones, do not significantly reduce street capacity. Intermittence, however, increases the average traffic density at which the demand is served, and as a result increases traffic delay. These delays...

How to Improve Bus Service

Daganzo, Carlos F.
2008

Bus schedules cannot be easily maintained on busy lines with short headways: Experience shows that buses offering this type of service usually arrive irregularly at their stops, often in bunches. Although transit agencies build slack into their schedules to alleviate this problem, their attempts often fail because practical amounts of slack cannot prevent large localized disruptions from spreading system-wide. This paper describes a more resilient control scheme that overcomes this problem. The method also produces even headways with less slack than the conventional approach. Thus, buses...

A Headway-based Approach to Eliminate Bus Bunching: Systematic Analysis and Comparisons

Daganzo, Carlos F.
2009

Bus schedules cannot be easily maintained on busy lines with short headways: experience shows that buses offering this type of service usually arrive irregularly at their stops, often in bunches. Although transit agencies build slack into their schedules to alleviate this problem – if necessary holding buses at control points to stay on schedule – their attempts often fail because practical amounts of slack cannot prevent large localized disruptions from spreading system-wide. This paper systematically analyzes an adaptive control scheme to mitigate this problem. The proposed scheme...