Public Transportation

Zero-Emission Bus Implementation Guidebook for California Transit Fleets

Tim Lipman
Emily Rogers
2023

Transit bus operations in California are experiencing new challenges due to economic conditions and the ongoing global pandemic. A confluence of factors has created a focus on this critical public-needs serving industry, due to state and local efforts to reduce emissions of pollutants and climate-changing gases. Transit bus operations in California provide essential and additional useful services that offer critical mobility to needy populations (elderly and handicapped) as well as many other groups for whom transit buses provide the most economical, convenient, and low-emission options....

Comprehensive Review of California's Innovative Clean Transit Regulation: Phase I Summary Report

Matthew Jeffers
Kenneth Kelly
Tim Lipman
Andre Fernandes Tomon Avelino
Caley Johnson
Mengming Li
Matthew Post
Yimin Zhang
2022

This report–prepared by NREL and UC Berkeley for the California Air Resources Board (CARB)–provides a comprehensive review conducted for implementation of the Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulation and deployment of zero-emission transit buses in California. The ICT regulation requires California transit agencies to begin transitioning to zero-emission vehicle technologies, defining an increasing percentage of new bus purchases that must be zero-emission buses (ZEBs) each year. The purchase requirements begin in 2023, increasing to a 100% ZEB purchase requirement beginning in 2029. This...

Understanding Curb Management and Targeted Incentive Policies to Increase Transportation Network Company Pooling and Public Transit Linkages

Susan Shaheen
Darling, Wesley
Broader, Jacquelyn
Cohen, Adam
2021

Transportation network company (TNCs) rides that are shared amongst users (i.e., pooled) can offer a variety of benefits including increased mobility and reduced transportation emissions. However, very few TNC users select pooled trips and not all pooled rides are matched with other riders. This report supports increased pooling by exploring different pooling strategies and incentives. TNC users were actively engaged to offer insights through the photovoice methodology (a participatory research method that allows community members to use photography to communicate their personal...

Structural and Functional Robustness in Public Transportation Networks of Latin American Cities

Cicchini, Tomás
Langle-Chimal, Ollin D.
Marta Gonzalez
Caridi, Inés
Ermann, Leonardo
2026

This work assesses the robustness of the public transport systems in three Latin American metropolitan areas: Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro, and Buenos Aires. By integrating infrastructure and mobility data, we propose metrics to quantify both structural robustness and functional performance. We analyze the similarities and differences among these cities under complete bus-line removal scenarios that emulate realistic disruptions, such as service suspensions or operator closures. Open infrastructure data allow us to quantify structural robustness in terms of network topology and...

Managing the Curb: Understanding the Impacts of On-Demand Mobility on Public Transit, Micromobility, and Pedestrians

Susan Shaheen
Martin, Elliot
Adam Cohen
Broader, Jacquelyn
Davis, Richard
2026

In recent years, innovative mobility and shifts in travel and consumption behavior are changing how people access and use the curb. Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, scooter, or other mode—coupled with outdoor dining, curbside pick-up, and robotic delivery are creating new needs related to the planning, management, and enforcement of curb access. This study examines curb planning and management from several angles, such as safety, social equity, and multimodal connections. This research employs a multi-method approach to identify the changing needs for curb space...

Considerations for Social Distancing on Public Transportation During the COVID-19 Recovery

Adam Cohen
2020

COVID-19 has presented public transit agencies with unprecedented operational and fiscal challenges. In the San Francisco Bay Area, for example, public transit ridership remains approximately 90% below pre-pandemic levels as of November 10, 2020, according to Transit App. It is generally agreed that personal protective measures (i.e., masks, face shields, gloves), sanitation, and air ventilation — combined with social distancing — reduces the spread of COVID-19. However, experts do not agree on the minimum...

Untapped Opportunities: Assessment of Organizational Strategies to Improve Border Coordination in California at the U.S. and Mexico Border; Final Report for California Integrated Border Approach Strategy, Phase 2

Karen Frick
Elizabeth Deakin
Jan Whittington
Karl Anderson
Eleanor Leshner
Mark Garrett
2017

In 2013, The California Department of Transportation-District 11 (Caltrans) launched the California Integrated Border Approach Strategy (CA-IBAS) in response to a need for a better-integrated border transportation system that reduces impacts on border communities. Work was conducted in two phases to identify ways to better address regional mobility needs and the traveler experience in California’s communities along the California-Mexico border. During Phase 1, led by METRANS, the team conducted a preliminary assessment of key institutional and policy issues at CaliforniaMexico land POEs,...

Managing partnerships for sustainable development: The Berkeley—China sustainable transportation program

Alainna Thomas
Elizabeth Deakin
2017

Over a five-year period, the University of California Berkeley’s Global Metropolitan Studies-China Program conducted research in partnership with local counterparts in Beijing, Shanghai, Jinan, Chengdu, and Kunming. Research focused on strategies for maintaining and increasing the sustainability of the cities’ transportation systems in the face of rapid economic growth and accelerating motorization, and included planning, analysis, and design of projects on transit-oriented development, non-motorized transportation, and bus rapid transit. In this paper, we focus on two cases that exemplify...

Drivability vs. Walkability: Assessing Shorter- and Longer-Term Transportation Planning Tradeoffs in a Chinese Context

Wendy Tao
Shomik Raj Mehndiratta
Elizabeth Deakin
2007

This paper describes how cities in developing countries often invest large sums to build highways and arterials serving a rapidly growing number of automobiles. Although highway investments are a priority, walking remains the most common mode of transport and buses (or motorbikes) the most common form of motor vehicle in use. The wide new arterials deliver short-term employment and construction spending benefits and in the longer term can contribute to increased productivity. On the other hand, their design and operation can reduce accessibility for pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit...