SafeTREC

Impact of Traffic States on Freeway Collision Frequency

Yeo, Hwasoon
Jang, Kitae
Alexander Skabardonis
2010

Freeway collisions are thought to be affected by traffic states. To reduce the number of collisions, the study to reveal how the traffic states influence collisions are required. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to suggest a method to relate traffic states to collision frequency in freeway. We first defined section- based traffic phases showing traffic state of a section using upstream and downstream traffic states: free flow (FF), back of queue (BQ), bottleneck front (BN) and congestion (CT). Secondly, by integrating freeway collision data and traffic data from the California PeMS...

Creating a Data Resource of California Police Stops for Use in Traffic Safety Applications | Safe Transportation Research and Education Center

Griswold, Julia
2025

Traffic stops are one of the most common ways in which the American public interacts with police. Although one of the leading reasons given for police traffic stops is a violation of the vehicle code, there is limited and mixed research on the impact of traditional police traffic enforcement on traffic safety outcomes. At present, few large data resources with an appropriate level of detail exist to facilitate investigations of this type. The 2015 Racial and Identity Profiling Act (RIPA) requires all law enforcement agencies in California to collect and submit vehicle (including bicycle)...

A Context-sensitive Roadway Classification Framework for Speed Limit Setting in the US

Hsu, Cheng-Kai
Tsao, Melody
Moran, Marcel E.
Griswold, Julia B.
Schneider, Robert J.
Bigham, John M.
2025

In the US, speed limit setting (SLS) procedures have historically relied on driver-behavior-based methods, such as the 85th percentile speed, which are considered objective and allow for consistent application. However, this approach has notable shortcomings, including drivers’ tendency to underestimate their speeds, speed creep, and insufficient consideration of vulnerable road users, which may conflict with the Safe System Approach and Vision Zero initiatives endorsed by the USDOT (US Department of Transportation). In contrast, context-sensitive approaches, which classify roads based on...

Methodology of Large-Scale Annual Average Daily Bicycle Traffic Estimation

Miah, Md Mintu
Griswold, Julia
Proulx, Frank
Bigham, John
Banerjee, Ipsita
Grembek, Offer
2025

Abstract Large-scale bicycle network design, safety, and crash estimates largely depend on network-wide bicycling volume estimation. Previous studies developed direct demand models on a smaller scale (e.g. city or county) where bicycle count and ...Practical Applications Agencies often need to estimate bicycle volumes at the link level across entire networks for planning, safety, and design purposes. This study uses expansion factors to introduce a method for converting short-term site volume data.

ArcGIS GDB for CPBS Report 23UCB01 - A Context-sensitive Street Classification Framework for Speed Limit Setting [supporting dataset]

Griswold, Julia B.
Hsu, Cheng-Kai
Tsao, Melody
Schneider, Robert J.
Bigham, John M.
Moran, Marcel E.
2024

In the US, speed limit setting (SLS) has historically relied on driver-behavior-based approaches, such as using the 85th percentile speed. While these approaches are considered objective and allow for consistent application, they have significant limitations, including drivers’ tendencies to underestimate their speeds, the phenomenon of speed creep, and inadequate consideration of vulnerable road users. These issues may conflict with the Safe System Approach and Vision Zero initiatives endorsed by the USDOT (US Department of Transportation). In contrast, context-sensitive approaches...

A Context-sensitive Street Classification Framework for Speed Limit Setting [supporting dataset]

Griswold, Julia B.
Hsu, Cheng-Kai
Tsao, Melody
Schneider, Robert J.
Bigham, John M.
Moran, Marcel E.
2024

In the US, speed limit setting (SLS) has historically relied on driver-behavior-based approaches, such as using the 85th percentile speed. While these approaches are considered objective and allow for consistent application, they have significant limitations, including drivers’ tendencies to underestimate their speeds, the phenomenon of speed creep, and inadequate consideration of vulnerable road users. These issues may conflict with the Safe System Approach and Vision Zero initiatives endorsed by the USDOT (US Department of Transportation). In contrast, context-sensitive approaches, which...

ITS Staff Spotlight: Matthew Raifman

August 28, 2025

Matt Raifman _ Scooter SpotlightFeatured Center: SafeTREC

Name: Matthew Raifman

What’s your hometown?

“Charm City” Baltimore, Maryland

What is your role at ITS, describe your job in four words, and how long have you been here?

I’m a senior researcher at Safe Transportation Research & Education Center (...

The Analysis of Right-of-Way for Different Road Users in China: Passing-Passenger-Unit Versus Passenger-Car-Unit

Xiong, Wen, Professor
Zhang, Yuanyuan, PhD
Chen, Xiaohong, Professor
Jiang, Chao
2014

Being a public resource, the roadway space was distributed between different road users based on the Passenger-Car-Unit (PCU) concept. However, this concept tends to under estimate the capacity of public transportation and non-motorized travel. To improve the traditional car-oriented design to become more human-oriented, this study proposed a Passing-passenger-unit (PPU) and the method to observe the PPU in roadway level and area level. The PPU data were collected for urban arterials and residential areas in China to test the method and to compare the right-of-way distribution at different...