Infrastructure

Mortality Amenable to Healthcare in Latin American Cities: A Cross-sectional Study Examining Between-country Variation in Amenable Mortality and the Role of Urban Metrics

Mullachery, PH
Rodriguez, D
Miranda, J
Lopez-Olmedo, N
Martinez-Folgar, K
Barreto, M
Roux, AV Diez
Bilal, U
2022

This study examined the variation in city-level amenable mortality, i.e. mortality due to conditions that can be mitigated in the presence of timely and effective healthcare, in 363 Latin American cities and measured associations between amenable-mortality rates and urban metrics. We used death records from 363 cities with populations of >100 000 people in nine Latin American countries from 2010 to 2016. We calculated sex-specific age-adjusted amenable-mortality rates per 100 000. We fitted multilevel linear models with cities nested within countries and estimated associations between...

Is Self-reported Park Proximity Associated with Perceived Social Disorder? Findings from Eleven Cities in Latin America

Moran, M
Rodríguez, D
Cortinez-O'Ryan, A
Miranda, JJ
2022
Parks and greenspaces can enhance personal health in various ways, including among others, through psychological restoration and improved well-being. However, under certain circumstances, parks may also have adverse effects by providing isolated and hidden spaces for non-normative and crime-related activities. This study uses a survey conducted by the Development Bank of Latin America in a cross-...

Marked Crosswalks in US Transit-oriented Station Areas, 2007–2020: A Computer Vision Approach Using Street View Imagery

Li, M
Sheng, H
Irvin, J
Chung, H
Ying, A
Sun, T
Ng, A
Rodriguez, D
2022
Improving the built environment to support walking is a popular strategy to increase urban sustainability and walkability. In the past decade alone, many US cities have implemented crosswalk visibility enhancement programs as part of road safety improvements and active transportation plans. However, there are no systematic ways of measuring and monitoring the presence of key built environment attributes that influence the safety and walkability of an area, such as marked crosswalks. Furthermore, little is known about how these attributes change over time at a national scale. In this paper, we...

A Scaling Investigation of Urban Form Features in Latin America Cities

Paiva, SS
Santos, GF
Castro, CP
Rodriguez, DA
Bilal, U
Filho, F
Anderson, F
Montes, F
Dronova, I
Barreto, M
Andrade, R
2023

This paper examines scaling behaviors of urban landscape and street design metrics with respect to city population in Latin America. We used data from the SALURBAL project, which has compiled and harmonized data on health, social, and built environment for 371 Latin American cities above 100,000 inhabitants. These metrics included total urbanized area, effective mesh size, area in km2 and number of streets. We obtained scaling relations by regressing log(metric) on log (city population). The results show an overall sub-linear scaling behavior of most variables, indicating a...

Comparing Methods and Data Sources for Classifying Bicycle Level of Traffic Stress: How Well do Their Outcomes Agree?

Harvey, C
Rodriguez, DA
Fang, K
2024

Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) metrics are widely used to examine how bicyclists may perceive stress along urban streets and identify opportunities for infrastructure improvements. The intuitiveness of the original method, which condensed 18 input variables into four levels, has made LTS very popular among practitioners. Nonetheless, it can be challenging to collect all required inputs. In response, numerous alternative methods have been developed with fewer or different inputs drawn from more general sources, such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) or GIS datasets from local agencies. These...

Extracting More Information from the Existing Freeway Traffic Monitoring Infrastructure

Coifman, Benjamin
2006

This report presents the results of TO 5302, Extracting More Information from the Existing Freeway Traffic Monitoring Infrastructure. This report represents significant advances in the PATH sponsored research into vehicle reidentification from conventional loop detectors, first by extending the methodology across major merge and diverge freeway sections. Second, it extends the methodology to single loop detectors. The report also extends the understanding of traffic phenomena impacting both traffic flow and the performance of the reidentification algorithms. It examines the impacts of lane...

California System Architecture Study: Architecture for Action: A Strategy for Facilitating Near-term Deployment

Horan, Thomas A.
Glazer, Lawernce Jesse
Hoene, Christopher
Hall, Randolph
Intihar, Christopher
Ice, Ronald
1999

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), ushered in by ISTEA in 1991 and advanced under TEA-21 in 1998, fundamentally alter transportation planning and implementation in the United States. ITS shifts emphasis away from new construction and capacity to more efficient management of existing systems, in the process requiring increased coordination and integration of standards, systems, and policies. The National ITS Architecture provides a framework for integration, but leaves the majority of the implementation decisions to the state, regional, and local levels. California is well-positioned...

Expediting Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (EVII): where the rubber meets (and talks to) the road

Varaiya, Pravin P
2006

This research demonstrated two potential VII (vehicle-infrastructure integration) services, one in traffic data probes and the other with safety. A real private vehicle, operating on California roadways, “talked” to the roadside, with the roadside backhaul interfacing into an existing California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) database and archival application. Demonstration of a probe application showed great promise for supplementing Caltrans’ database with VII- or DSRC-based probe data. Similar promise was shown with a road condition monitoring system, which demonstrated the...

Roadway Powered Electric Vehicle Project Track Construction And Testing Program Phase 3D

Systems Control Technology, Inc.
1994

This report covers the construction and testing of a Roadway Powered Electric Vehicle (RPEV) proof-of-concept system. The test facility was built at the University of California Richmond Field Station. The facility has a 700-foot test track and an operational 35-passenger RPEV. The report contains an introduction to the concept of RPEV and discusses the following aspects of the project: systems engineering and design, vehicle, facilities, testing, related RPEV research, and control circuits.

Deployment Path Analysis for Cooperative ITS Systems

Shladover, Steven E.
2009

Although the performance advantages of cooperative ITS systems are generally appreciated, the deployment challenges that they pose represent a significant impediment. This report begins with a summary of the types of deployment challenges faced by cooperative information systems and cooperative vehicle-highway automation systems (CVHAS), both of which require coordination of deployment of vehicle and infrastructure-based elements. The institutional challenges are discussed first, followed by the technological challenges. In each case, current progress in overcoming these challenges is...