Land Use and Built Environment

A Comparative Systems-level Analysis: Automated Freeways, Hov Lanes, Transit Expansion, Pricing Policies And Land Use Intensification

Johnston, Robert
1997

The focus of this project was to examine the potential travel, emissions, and consumer benefits of advanced freeway automation and travel demand management measures. The Sacramento Regional Travel Demand model (SACMET 95) was used to simulate the travel effects of travel demand management measures in the Sacramento region for a twenty year time horizon. The scenarios examined included various combinations of automated freeways, new High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes, transit, land use intensification, and pricing policies.

Lessons in Network Management: Cross-Industry Comparisons and Implications for ITS Development

Horan, Thomas A.
Reany, William
2002

This report provides an historical and case study analysis of policies aimed toward the management of complex systems, with specific reference to the role of public policy and technology in balancing surface transportation system demand and supply. Three case studies form the crux of the paper energy management, airport management, and Internet growth. Lessons from these case studies are then applied to the circumstance of ITS deployment to manage surface transportation in California. Following an introductory section (1), section 2 provides an historical analysis of the forces with have...

Expanding the Urban Transportation Infrastructure Through Concession Agreements: Lessons from Latin America

Rodriguez, DA
1999

Driven by fiscal constraints and disappointment with the performance of state-provided services, national and subnational governments have turned to the private sector for solutions in financing, constructing, and providing transportation services. Key concession package features and their effect on reaching closure in urban transportation agreements are analyzed. Case studies drawn from the major attempts to develop urban transportation infrastructures in Latin America through concession agreements are considered. Results indicate that features common to large infrastructure...

Unwanted Excess Commuting: Proximate Commuting, Transportation Demand Management and the Transportation-Land Use Connection

Rodriguez, DA
2000

O f current theoretical controversies in urban pianning, arguably few have fartherreaching implications for policy than the debate on the relationship between transportation and land use. On the one hand, the transportation-land use relationship or connection focuses on the influence of transportation policy, including transportation services, infrastructure, and pricing, on individual and firm location decisions in a metropolitan area. On the other hand, the connection also encompasses the influence of individual and firm location decisions on transportation policy.

Examining Individuals' Desire for Shorter Commute: The Case of Proximate Commuting

Rodriguez, DA
2002

Much of the theoretical and empirical debate about transport and land-use planning has focused upon the strength and vitality of the connection between the two. Studies increasingly find that this connection is weakening and thus attempts to address urban transport problems with land-use policies are ineffective. The author introduces proximate commuting, a novel employer-based program that decreases urban commuting by providing marginal accessibility improvements to its participants. With the aid of a case study involving a commercial bank in the Western Detroit Metropolitan Area,...

Analysis of Bogota's Bus Rapid Transit System and its Impact on Land Development

Taiga, F
Rodriguez, DA
2004

Recent experiences in Latin American cities supporting world-class public transportation systems have resulted in the creation of livable spaces with a significant potential to spur land development. In cities like Bogota, Colombia, and Curitiba. Brazil, bus rapid transit (BRT) has re-emerged as a cost-effective transportation alternative for satisfying growing demands for urban mobility. Bogota's BRT system has allowed for a 32 percent reduction in average travel times and significant reduction in accident and air pollution levels along the busway corridors. Although previous...

The Relationship Between Non-Motorized Mode Choice and the Local Physical Environment

Rodrı́guez, DA
Joo, J
2004

By estimating multinomial choice models, this paper examines the relationship between travel mode choice and attributes of the local physical environment such as topography, sidewalk availability, residential density, and the presence of walking and cycling paths. Data for student and staff commuters to the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill are used to illustrate the relationship between mode choice and the objectively measured environmental attributes, while accounting for typical modal characteristics such as travel time, access time, and out-of-pocket cost. Results...

Spatial Choices and Excess Commuting: A Case Study of Bank Tellers in Bogota, Colombia

Rodrı́guez, DA
2004

This study uses disaggregate data from Bogotá, Colombia to examine the presumption that individuals engaging in excess commuting have satisfactorily traded commuting for other location benefits. By estimating involuntary and voluntary excess commuting, the study illustrates that deviations from the minimum commute implied by the urban spatial structure are expected due to temporal and structural constraints, even when the journey-to-work is a household’s only locational concern. Therefore, the usefulness of excess commuting estimates for informing policy choices hinging on the...

Can Neighborhood Design Encourage Physical Activity?

Rodriguez, DA
Khattak, AJ
Evenson, KR
2004

Although new urbanism continues to gain popularity worldwide, many of its effects remain unexamined. If neighborhood design can support or impede active lifestyles, we hypothesize that residents of new urbanist neighborhoods will exhibit higher levels of physical activity than residents of conventional communities. Following a quasi-experimental research design, this study evaluates physical activity patterns of residents in two distinctly designed neighborhoods, a new urbanist and a conventional suburban neighborhood in a central North Carolina community. The two neighborhoods were...

Travel Behavior in Neo-Traditional Neighborhood Developments: A Case Study in USA

Khattak, AJ
Rodriguez, D
2005
Although previous research has supported the view that neo-traditional or new urbanist designs result in more walking activity, several questions remain: Do residents of these neighborhoods substitute walking for driving trips, or do they make more trips overall? What is the role of self-selection of residents in these developments? This paper aims to address these questions by examining differences in travel behavior in a matched pair of neighborhoods (one conventional and one neo-traditional) in Chapel Hill and Carrboro, North Carolina. A detailed behavioral survey of 453 households and two...