Land Use and Built Environment

Understanding how the built environment at a neighborhood scale is associated with individuals' walking has been a common research objective in public health and city planning. In contrast to the extant literature, we examine whether a neighborhood's location defined at a regional scale is associated with walking and whether this association is separately identifiable from the association of the neighborhood built environment and walking. The findings indicated that walking for commuting purposes was associated more strongly with neighborhood location than with the neighborhood built...

This study performed before-and-after analyses (comparisons of collisions before and after the construction of auxiliary lanes) on collision rate at nine study sites in California in order to achieve two objectives: (i) to estimate the freeway Crash/Collision Reduction Factor (CRF) for auxiliary lanes, and (ii) to develop design guidelines for the construction of auxiliary lanes. Findings indicate that on average, collision rates decreased by 17.3 percent at nine study sites. The study also found that after construction of auxiliary lanes at two study sites, collision rates increased when...

In this paper, we present an algorithm for routing in wireless ad hoc networks using information about geographical location of the nodes. We assume each node knows its geographical position and the position of the node to which it wants to send a packet. Initially, the nodes only know their neighbors but over time they discover other nodes in the network. The routing table at a node S is a list ((pi, Si)) where pi is a geographical position and Si is a neighbor of node 5’. When node S receives a packet for a node D at position pos(D), it finds the pi in its routing table which is closest...