Land Use and Built Environment

Changes in Walking, Body Mass Index, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Following Residential Relocation: Longitudinal Results From the CARDIA Study

Braun, L
Rodriguez, DA
Song, Y
Meyer, KA
Lewis, CE
Reis, JP
Gordon-Larsen, P
2016
While many studies have found the built environment to be associated with walking, most have used cross-sectional research designs and few have examined more distal cardiometabolic outcomes. This study contributes longitudinal evidence based on changes in walking, body mass index (BMI), and cardiometabolic risk following residential relocation. We examined 1079 participants in the...

Municipal Investment in Off-Road Trails and Changes in Bicycle Commuting in Minneapolis, Minnesota over 10 years: A Longitudinal Repeated Cross-sectional Study

Hirsch, JA
Meyer
Peterson, M
Zhang, L
Rodriguez, DA
Gordon-Larsen, P
2017

We studied the effect of key development and expansion of an off-road multipurpose trail system in Minneapolis, Minnesota between 2000 and 2007 to understand whether infrastructure investments are associated with increases in commuting by bicycle. We used repeated measures regression on tract-level (N = 116 tracts) data to examine changes in bicycle commuting between 2000 and 2008–2012. We investigated: 1) trail proximity measured as distance from the trail system and 2) trail potential use measured as the proportion of commuting trips to destinations that might traverse the trail system....

Where are Adults Active? An Examination of Physical Activity Locations Using GPS in Five US Cities

Holliday, KM
Howard, AG
Emch, M
Rodriguez, D
Evenson, K
2017

Increasing physical activity (PA) at the population level requires appropriately targeting intervention development. Identifying the locations in which participants with various sociodemographic, body weight, and geographic characteristics tend to engage in varying intensities of PA as well as locations these populations underutilize for PA may facilitate this process. A visual location-coding protocol was developed and implemented in Google Fusion Tables and Maps using data from participants (N = 223, age 18–85) in five states. Participants concurrently wore ActiGraph...

Are Buffers Around Home Representative of Physical Activity Spaces Among Adults?

Holliday, KM
Howard, AG
Emch, M
Rodriguez, DA
Evenson, KR
2017

Residential buffers are frequently used to assess built environment characteristics relevant to physical activity (PA), yet little is known about how well they represent the spatial areas in which individuals undertake PA. We used System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities data for 217 adults from five US states who wore an accelerometer and a GPS for three weeks to create newly defined PA-specific activity spaces. These PA spaces were based on PA occurring in bouts of ≥10min and were defined as 1) the single minimum convex polygon (MCP) containing all of a...

What Makes an Active Public Realm? Opportunities and Challenges for Research

Harvey, C
Rodriguez, DA
2017

Contemporary cities have more extensive public spaces than everbefore. Consider the vast expanses of highways, parking lots, and sprawling floor plans of malls and shopping centers. These are all, tech-nically, available for public use, the habitat for our everyday experiences outside the privacy of our homes, schools, and workplaces. Right outside our front doors, they are by far the most convenient places for physical activity and community engagement. Yet the omnipresence of...

Neighborhood Environment and Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Besser, L
McDonald, N
Song, Y
Kukull, W
Rodriguez, DA
2017
Some evidence suggests that treating vascular risk factors and performing mentally stimulating activities may delay cognitive impairment onset in older adults. Exposure to a complex...

Neighborhood Built Environment and Cognition in Non-Demented Older Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Besser, LM
Rodriguez, DA
McDonald, N
Kukull, WA
Fitzpatrick, AL
2018

Preliminary studies suggest that neighborhood social and built environment (BE) characteristics may affect cognition in older adults. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to the neighborhood environment due to a decreasing range of routine travel with increasing age. We examined if multiple neighborhood BE characteristics are cross-sectionally associated with cognition in a diverse sample of older...

Park Use and Physical Activity Among Adolescent Girls at Two Time Points

Evenson, KR
Cho, GH
Rodriguez, DA
Cohen, DA
2018

This longitudinal study described park usage and assessed the contribution of parks to moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescent girls. High school girls from California (n = 131) and Minnesota (n = 134) wore a global positioning system (GPS) monitor and accelerometer for 6 consecutive days at two time points, one year apart. Park visits were classified by linking the GPS, accelerometer, and park and built environment data around home and school locations into a geographic information system. At baseline, 20% of girls visited a park at least once (mean 0.1 times/...

Deriving a GPS Monitoring Time Recommendation for Physical Activity Studies of Adults

Holliday, KM
Howard, AG
Emch, M
Rodriguez, DA
Rosamond, WD
Evenson, K
2018

Determining locations of physical activity (PA) is important for surveillance and intervention development, yet recommendations for using location recording tools like Geographic Positioning System (GPS) units are lacking. Specifically, no recommendation exists for the number of days study participants should wear a GPS to reliably estimate PA time spent in locations. This study used data from participants (N=224, age 18-85) in five states who concurrently wore an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer and a Qstarz BT-Q1000X GPS for three consecutive weeks to construct monitoring day recommendations...

Active Travel, Public Transportation Use, and Daily Transport Among Older Adults: The Association of Built Environment

Yang, Y
Xu, Y
Rodriguez, DA
Michael, Y
Zhang, H
2018
To examine active travel and public transportation use among U.S. older adults and the built environment characteristics associated with them. Total active travel, public transportation trips, travel purpose diversity, total and maximum distance traveled for older adults (>= 65 years) relative to middle age adults (45–64 years) as reported in the 2009 National...