Pedestrians

Experimental Vehicle Platform for Pedestrian Detection

Chan, Ching-Yao
Bu, Fanping
Shladover, Steven
2006

This report documents the work conducted for PATH Task Order 5200 – the evaluation of sensor technologies for pedestrian detection. A survey of recent and available sensor products were selected and evaluated to assess their applicability for vehicle-based solutions. The performance characteristics and limitations of various products and technological approaches were investigated. Subsequently, demonstrative experimental vehicle platforms and testing facilities were developed to illustrate the concept of vehicle infrastructure integration.

Community-Based Pedestrian Safety Training in Virtual Reality: A Pragmatic Trial

Schwebel, DC
Combs, T
Rodriguez, D
Severson, J
Sisiopiku, V
2016

Child pedestrian injuries are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the United States and the world. Repeated practice at the cognitive-perceptual task of crossing a street may lead to safer pedestrian behavior. Virtual reality offers a unique opportunity for repeated practice without the risk of actual injury. This study conducted a pre-post within-subjects trial of training children in pedestrian safety using a semi-mobile, semi-immersive virtual pedestrian environment placed at schools and community centers. Pedestrian safety skills among a group of 44 seven- and eight...

The Active Living Research 2015 Conference: The Science of Policy Implementation

Rodriguez, D
Lounsbery, MAF
Sallis, J
2016

The 2015 Active Living Research (ALR) Conference highlighted the theme of policy implementation because many policies are recommended to enhance active living, and policy adoption is becoming more common, but policies cannot be effective until they are implemented. A better understanding of active living policy implementation will assist researchers and practitioners in improving their policy recommendations and implementation practice.

Walkability and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Braun, L
Rodriguez, D
Evenson, K
Hirsch, J
Moore, K
Roux, AV Diez
2016
We used data from 3227 older adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2004–2012) to explore cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors. In cross-sectional analyses, linear regression was used to estimate associations of Street Smart Walk Score® with glucose, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference, while logistic regression was used to estimate associations with odds of metabolic syndrome. Econometric fixed effects models were used to estimate longitudinal...

The Built Environment and Walking Behavior: Addressing Residential Sorting through Matching in the Cardia Study

Braun, L
Rodriguez, D
Song, Y
Meyer, K
Lewis, C
Gordon-Larsen, P
2016
Recent research has shown neighborhood walkability to be positively associated with walking behavior. However, accounting for selective migration and socio-spatial segregation is an ongoing challenge. These forms of residential sorting may result in individuals who are not comparable across levels of neighborhood walkability and may therefore lead to biased inferences about the built environment. We explored the implications of residential sorting using coarsened exact matching (CEM), a method that compares individuals who have similar characteristics but are exposed to different “treatments...

Effect of a Community-Based Pedestrian Injury Prevention Program on Driver Yielding Behavior at Marked Crosswalks

Sandt, LS
Marshall, S
Rodriguez, D
Evenson, K
Ennett, ST
Robinson, W
2016
Few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effectiveness of multi-faceted interventions intended to improve pedestrian safety. “Watch for Me NC” is a multi-faceted, community-based pedestrian safety program that includes widespread media and public engagement in combination with enhanced law enforcement activities (i.e., police outreach and targeted pedestrian safety operations conducted at marked crosswalks) and low-cost engineering improvements at selected crossings. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of the law enforcement and engineering improvement components of the...

Air Pollution, Social Disadvantage, and Walking in Six United States Cities: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Chen, YH
Adar, S
Marshall, J
Hirsch, J
Rodriguez, D
Evenson, K
Sampson, P
Magzamen, S
Kaufman, J
Roux, A
2016
Physical activity may be influenced by walking opportunities, which can differ substantially across neighborhoods. Air pollution similarly varies by location. It remains unclear whether more walking occurs in highly polluted neighborhoods and whether socially disadvantaged populations are less likely to experience walkable neighborhoods with clean air. We studied the spatial distributions and associations of neighborhood level air pollution, walkability, and social factors with self-reported walking. Overall walking was reported between 2010-2012 by 3,661 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis...

Changes in Walking, Body Mass Index, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Following Residential Relocation: Longitudinal Results From the CARDIA Study

Braun, L
Rodriguez, DA
Song, Y
Meyer, KA
Lewis, CE
Reis, JP
Gordon-Larsen, P
2016
While many studies have found the built environment to be associated with walking, most have used cross-sectional research designs and few have examined more distal cardiometabolic outcomes. This study contributes longitudinal evidence based on changes in walking, body mass index (BMI), and cardiometabolic risk following residential relocation. We examined 1079 participants in the...

The Relationship Between Bicycle Commuting and Perceived Stress: A Cross-sectional Study

Avila-Palencia, I
Nazelle, A De
Cole-Hunter, T
Donaire-Gonzalez, D
Jarrett, M
Rodriguez, D
Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ
2017

Active commuting — walking and bicycling for travel to and/or from work or educational addresses — may facilitate daily, routine physical activity. Several studies have investigated the relationship between active commuting and commuting stress; however, there are no studies examining the relationship between solely bicycle commuting and perceived stress, or studies that account for environmental determinants of bicycle commuting and stress. The current study evaluated the relationship between bicycle commuting, among working or studying adults in a dense urban setting, and perceived...

Examining the Role of Trip Destination and Neighborhood Attributes in Shaping Environmental Influences on Children’s Route Choice

Moran, M
Rodriguez, D
Corburn, J
2018

Routes are a common way through which child pedestrians experience the built environment. However, empirical evidence on route-scale environmental influences on children's walking are scarce and mainly concern home-school itineraries. To address this gap, this study aims to identify environmental influences on children’s route choice, and to explore how these may vary by trip destination and neighborhood type. One hundred and seven children (10–12 year old) living in inner-city and clustered suburban neighborhoods in Rishon LeZion, Israel participated in the study. Participants were...