Roads/Highways

Development and Performance Evaluation of AVCSS Deployment Sequences to Advance from Today's Driving Environment to Full Automation

Shladover, Steven
VanderWerf, Joel
Miller, Mark A.
Kourjanskaia, Natalia
Krishnan, Hariharan
2001

This report presents the findings of its investigation into deployment sequences to better understand the paths that could be taken from today's driving environment to vehicle-highway automation. One of the most vexing problems has always been that of determining how to advance from the present-day manually-controlled vehicles to the future fully automated vehicles. Considerable research attention has been devoted to defining the architecture and operating protocols, as well as the technology, of automated highway systems. Rather less attention has been devoted to defining the steps by...

A Machine Vision Based Surveillance System for California Roads

Malik, J.
Russell, S.
1995

In this report we address the problem of automation of heavy-duty vehicles. After a brief description of the dynamic model used in our design and simulations, we develop nonlinear controllers with adaptation, first for speed control and then for vehicle follower longitudinal control. We consider both autonomous operation as well as intervehicle communication, and evaluate the performance of our controllers in several different scenarios through simulation.

A Machine Vision Based Surveillance System For California Roads

Malik, J.
Russell, S.
1995

In this paper, the authors describe the successful combination of a low- level, vision-based surveillance system with a high-level, symbolic reasoner based on dynamic belief networks. This prototype system provides robust, high-level information about traffic scenes. The machine vision component of the system employs a correlation-based tracker and a physical motion model using a Kalman filter to extract vehicle trajectories over a sequence of traffic scene images. The symbolic reasoning component uses a dynamic belief network to make inferences about traffic events. In this paper, the...

A Handbook For Inter-vehicle Spacing In Vehicle Following (includes Disk)

Sun, Y.
Ioannou, P.
1995

In this paper, a general worst case stopping scenario for vehicle following is used to develop algorithms for generating the minimum safety spacing (MSS) for collision-free vehicle following. These algorithms are used to study the effects of vehicle characteristics and other parameters on the value of the MSS. Furthermore, a case is considered where the choice of a smaller value of inter-vehicle separation leads to a rear-end collision. The effects of the various parameters on the severity of collision by using a proposed algorithm are studied. The results and algorithms developed in this...

A Staggered-diamond Design For Automated/manual - Hov Highway-to-highway Interchange

Tsao, Jacob
1995

This paper proposes a staggered-diamond design for automated connector ramps for an Automated Highway System (AHS). After describing the main features of this design, the paper discusses the constraints on AHS operational design imposed by the requirement for continuous automated highway-to-highway driving. The constraints on AHS evolution due to the same requirement are then discussed.

Spatial and Temporal Utility Modeling to Increase Transit Ridership

Church, Richard L.
Noronha, Val
Lei, Ting
Corrigan, Wils
Burbidge, Shaunna
Marston, Jim
2005

The objective of this research project was to develop a better understanding of the possible alternatives that a large employment center, like the University of California at Santa Barbara, can adopt in order to better utilize transit, mitigate traffic, and reduce demand for on-site parking. Although this project was oriented to the UCSB campus, the techniques and approaches developed in this project were designed to be equally applicable elsewhere. There were three major elements of this project: 1) develop an understanding of commuting employees through the use of a survey, 2) identify...

Distributed Surveillance and Control on Freeways

Coifman, Benjamin
2004

Efficient management of a road network requires continuous decision-making based on conditions on the network and an understanding of the impacts of the decisions made. These conditions are usually measured with fixed-point surveillance systems, most of which are deployed in such a manner as to require communication links that are always connected and are polled at regular intervals. All of the sensor data are typically sent to a Traffic Management Center (TMC) for assessment, yet most of the time no action is taken in response to the data, leading to unnecessarily high communication costs...

Feasibility Study Of Advanced Technology Hov Systems: Volume 1: Phased Implementation Of Longitudinal Control Systems

Chira-Chavala, Ted
Yoo, S. M.
1992

This study investigates issues concerning the implementation and impacts of lateral guidance/control systems and the phased implementation of these systems in exclusive-access High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes. The study is divided into 5 volumes. The objectives of each volume are as follows: Vol. 1: identify strategies for early deployment of longitudinal control technologies on the highway, and to evaluate potential impacts of these strategies on traffic operation, highway capacity, and traffic accidents. Vol. 2A: assess the feasibility of early deployment of Roadway Powered Electric...

A Combined Approach To Stereopsis And Lane-finding

Malik, Jitendra
Taylor, Camillo J.
Weber, Joseph
Koller, Dieter
Luong, Quang-tuan
1997

In this report, the authors propose a new approach for vision based longitudinal and lateral vehicle control. The novelty of this approach is the use of binocular vision. Two modules are integrated, consisting of a new, domain-specific, efficient binocular stereo algorithm, and a lane marker detection algorithm. Integration results show an improved performance for each of the modules.

Implementation of a Tool for Measuring ITS Impacts on Freeway Safety Performance

Golob, Thomas F.
Marca, James
Recker, Will
2007

The research was undertaken to develop a tool for assessing the impacts of changes in freeway traffic flow on the level of traffic safety. Safety is measured in terms of the probability of a reportable accident, and the tool is so far restricted to urban freeway mainlines with substantial traffic levels. The tool will: (1) monitor the safety level of freeway operations (2) aid in freeway planning. The tool was calibrated by applying advanced statistical models to actual data combined from two sources: Vehicle Detector Station (VDS) data for freeways in Orange County (District 12), and data...