Safety

Associations of Adult Physical Activity with Perceived Safety and Police-Recorded Crime: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Evenson, KR
Block, R
Roux, AV Diez
McGinn, AP
Wen, F
Rodriguez, DA
2012

Due to the inconsistent findings of prior studies, we explored the association of perceived safety and police-recorded crime measures with physical activity. The study included 818 Chicago participants of the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis 45 to 84 years of age. Questionnaire-assessed physical activity included a) transport walking; b) leisure walking; and c) non-walking leisure activities. Perceived safety was assessed through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Police-recorded crime was assessed through 2-year counts of selected crimes (total and outdoor incivilities,...

Pedestrian and Bicycle Plans and the Incidence of Crash-Related Injuries

Kerr, ZY
Rodriguez, DA
Evenson, KR
Aytur, SA
2013

This study examined the association between the presence of pedestrian and bicycle plans to pedestrian and bicyclist nonfatal and fatal injuries from 1997 to 2009 among 553 North Carolina (NC) municipalities. We considered all municipal plans (n=92; 49 pedestrian; 34 bicycle; and 9 combined plans featuring pedestrian and bicyclist components) published through 2009. Counts of...

Costs for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Infrastructure Improvements

Bushell, MA
Poole, BW
Zegeer, CV
Rodriguez, DA
2013

Costs for pedestrian and bicycle safety infrastructure often vary greatly from city to city and state to state. This document (and associated database) is intended to provide meaningful estimates of infrastructure costs by collecting up-to-date cost information for pedestrian and bicycle treatments from states and cities across the country. Using this information, researchers, engineers, planners, and the general public can better understand the cost of pedestrian and bicycle treatments in their communities and make informed decisions about which infrastructure enhancements are best suited...

Spatiotemporal Approaches to Analyzing Pedestrian Fatalities: The Case of Cali, Colombia

Fox, L
Serre, M
Lippmann, S
Rodriguez, D
Bangdiwala, S
Gutierrez, M
Escobar, G
Villaveces, A
2015

Injuries among pedestrians are a major public health concern in Colombian cities such as Cali. This is one of the first studies in Latin America to apply Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) methods to visualize and produce fine-scale, highly accurate estimates of citywide pedestrian fatalities. The purpose of this study is to determine the BME method that best estimates pedestrian mortality rates and reduces statistical noise. We further utilized BME methods to identify and differentiate spatial patterns and persistent versus transient pedestrian mortality hotspots. Methods: In this multiyear...

WTRP-Wireless Token Ring Protocol

Ergen, Mustafa
2002

WTRP (Wireless Token Ring Protocol) is a medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless networks. The MAC protocol through which mobile stations can share a common broadcast channel is essential in wireless networks. In a IEEE 802.11 network, the contention among stations is not homogeneous due to the existence of hidden terminals, partially connected network topology, and random access. Consequently, quality of service (QoS) is not provided. WTRP supports guaranteed QoS in terms of bounded latency and reserved bandwidth which are crucial real time constraints of the applications. WTRP...

Light Rail System Safety Improvements Using ITS Technologies

Chira-chavala, Ted
Coifman, Ben
Empey, Dan
Hansen, Mark
Lechner, Ed
Porter, Chris
1997

This report describes research which studied identifying and analyzing the effectiveness of countermeasures designed to reduce light rail crashes. Focus is in collisions with road vehicles at intersections. The light rail system for the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency in California served as the focus of the study.

Collision Avoidance Analysis for Lane Changing and Merging

Jula, Hossein
Kosmatopoulos, Elias B.
Ioannou, Petros A.
1999

One of the riskiest maneuvers that a driver has to perform in a conventional highway system is tomerge into the traffic and/or to perform a lane changing maneuver. Lane changing/mergingcollisions are responsible for one-tenth of all crash-caused traffic delays often resulting incongestion. Traffic delays and congestion, in general, increases travel time and has a negativeeconomic impact.In this paper, we analyze the kinematics of the vehicles involved in a lane changing/mergingmaneuver, and study the conditions under which lane changing/merging crashes can be avoided.That is, given a...

Quantifying the Performance of Countermeasures for Collision Concentration Related to Ramp/Freeway Mainline Junctions

Lee, Joon ho, PhD
Chan, Ching-Yao, PhD
Ragland, David R., PhD
2009

This study performed before-and-after analyses (comparisons of collisions before and after the construction of auxiliary lanes) on collision rate at nine study sites in California in order to achieve two objectives: (i) to estimate the freeway Crash/Collision Reduction Factor (CRF) for auxiliary lanes, and (ii) to develop design guidelines for the construction of auxiliary lanes. Findings indicate that on average, collision rates decreased by 17.3 percent at nine study sites. The study also found that after construction of auxiliary lanes at two study sites, collision rates increased when...

Platoon Collision Dynamics And Emergency Maneuvering IV: Intra-platoon Collision Behavior And A New Control Approach For Platoon Operation During Vehicle Exit/entry - Final Report

Tongue, Benson H.
Yang, Yean-tzong
1994

This report examines platoon behavior during non-nominal operations, most especially due to emergency braking. Three main topics are discussed: multiple-collision wave propagation effects for homogeneous platoons with and without lead vehicle information, intra-platoon collision behavior of non-homogeneous platoons during emergency operations, and a new control approach for platoon operations during vehicle exit/entry.

The Naturalistic Driver Model: Development, Integration, and Verification of Lane Change Maneuver, Driver Emergency and Impairment Modules: Final Report

Cody, Delphine
Tan, Swekuang
2009

This report describes the development of a driver model from a Human Science perspective, with the goal of integrating this model into a simulation environment supporting the design and support of Intelligent Transportation Systems. It also provides a discussion regarding the challenges faced in such an enterprise, concluding with a discussion concerning the need to develop a driver simulator.