Safety

Detection and Avoidance of Collisions: The REACT Model

Sauer, Craig
Andersen, George J.
Saidpour, Asad
2004

An important perceptual task during driving is the ability to detect and avoid collisions. Failure to accurately perform this task can have serious consequences for the driver and passengers. The present research developed and tested a model of car following by human drivers, as part of a general model under development of a human driver. Unlike other car following models that are based on 3D parameters (e.g., range or distance) the present model is based on the visual information available to the driver. The model uses visual angle and change in visual angle to regulate speed during car...

Fault Tree Analysis of a First Example Automated Freeway

Hitchcock, Anthony
1991

This paper describes a fault tree analysis of an automated freeway and how conformity to safety criteria can be demonstrated by fault tree analysis. The system is initially explained, followed by a discussion of hazard analysis, fault tree, and an analysis of the results. Readers are advised to consult "Methods for Analysis of IVHS Safety: Final Report of MOU 19" by the author to acquire background information in regard to this report.

Investigation of Elderly Driver Safety and Comfort: In-Vehicle Intersection “Gap Acceptance Advisor” and Identifying Older Driver Needs

Bougler, Benedicte
Cody, Delphine
Geyer, Judy
Horne, Jedidiah H.
Misener, James A.
Nowakowski, Christopher
Rodier, Caroline J., PhD
Ragland, David, PhD
Shaheen, Susan A., PhD
Caguimbaga, Joy
Daniels, Bevin
Hamel, Kathryn, PhD
2005

Our work in Toyota GapAdvise is comprised of two interrelated elements: identify driving task challenges, and a pilot study on one particular class of decision support system, an intersection gap advisor. From these elements, we have recommended countermeasures and potential design guidelines for the elderly driving population in the United States.We performed our work in the following sequence of technical tasks, each corresponding to a section heading in this final report:Determine Extent of Problem (Task 1). From crash databases and demographic data, we have determined the projected...

Brake System Analysis, Reliability Testing And Control Using Bench Experiments

Xu, Z.
Yang, B.
1997

In this project, the authors investigated the dynamics and reliability of a brake control system using a test bench which is a Lincoln Town Car brake system. The objectives of the project are to: 1) experimentally characterize the brake system; 2) obtain good nonlinear models of the brake system; 3) perform reliability analysis of the brake control system; and, 4) develop algorithms for brake malfunction detection and brake reliability enhancement. By using the brake test bench, the dynamic characteristics of the brake-actuator system are studied experimentally. Based on the experimental...

Use of NASS Data for Evaluation of AVCS Devices

Hitchcock, Anthony
1991

This report examines the applicability of the 1986 National Accident Sampling System (NASS) in providing sufficient information about a traffic accident to determine if an advanced vehicle control system (AVCS) could have had an impact in preventing that accident. The author states that, in general, NASS raw data are useful for evaluation of AVCS whenever a driver' s choices are limited to keeping a straight course at an appropriate speed

A Tool for the Incorporation of Non-Recurrent Congestion Costs of Freeway Accidents in Performance Management

Recker, Will
Chung, Younshik
Golob, Tom
2005

In this research, we develop and apply an analytic procedure that estimates the amount of traffic congestion (vehicle hours of delay) that is caused by different types of accidents that occur on urban freeways in California. A key feature of this research is the development of a method to separate the non-recurrent delay from any recurrent delay that is present on the road at the time and place of a reported accident, in order to estimate the contribution of non-recurrent delay caused by the specific accident. Our analysis involves a case study of accidents that occurred on freeways in...

Early Opportunities to Apply Automation in California Managed Lanes

Liu, Hao
McKeever, Benjamin
Lu, Xiao-Yun
Shladover, Steven
2019

Connected and automated vehicles hold the potential for substantial improvements to traffic safety, travel time reliability, roadway capacity, and environmental impacts and managed lanes have the potential to be ideal testbeds for CAV technologies. The purpose of this report is to identify specific opportunities to leverage California’s managed lane network as early experimental and pilot deployment sites for CAVs. To this end, we have conducted a detailed inventory of the managed lane facilities in California and applied evaluation criteria to identify two promising sites for future CAV...

Studies of Collisions in Vehicle Following Operations by Two-Dimensional Simulation

Chan, Ching-yao
1998

In Automated Highway Systems (AHS), vehicles are equipped with automatic control systems to govern the accelerating, steering and braking functions in order to maintain an appropriate speed and spacing with respect to the surrounding vehicles. One concept of AHS suggests the implementation of vehicle platoons with small spacing between vehicles. With vehicles moving closely together in platoons, the hazards of "chain-reaction" collisions become a concern. The benefits of small delta-V need to be weighed against the number of collisions in such feared "chain-collision" scenarios. This...

Commercial Vehicle Operations: Government Interfaces and Intelligent Transportation Systems

Hall, Randolph W.
Intihar, Chris
1997

This report documents findings from a series of studies investigating how Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) could be used to improve the integration of commercial vehicle operations (CVO) with governmental services and regulations within intermodal transportation management centers. After a summary of prior project research, the report gives a review of ITS/CVO technologies. This is followed by results of interviews and focus groups that reveal that trucking companies are willing to invest and participate in projects that possess four basic characteristics: 1) modest investment, 2)...

Development of Requirement Specifications for Transit Frontal Collision Warning System

Wang, Xiqin
Lins, Joanne
Chan, Ching-Yao
Johnston, Scott
Zhou, Kun
Steinfeld, Aaron
Hanson, Matt
Zhang, Wei-Bin
2003

The U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT) initiated the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) Program with the goal of improving safety through the application of advanced technologies. The frontal collision warning function has been identified as one of the key safety improvement measures for the transit vehicle platform of the IVI Program. Frontal collision, defined as a bus colliding with a vehicle in front of the bus, is a frequent incident in transit bus operations and the cause of property damage, personal injuries, and interruption to bus operations. A team that includes San...