Shared Mobility

Carlink II: A Commuter Carsharing Pilot Program Final Report

Shaheen, Susan
Wipyewski, Kamill
Rodier, Caroline
Novick, Linda
Meyn, Molly Anne
Wright, John
2004

CarLink II was a commuter-based carsharing pilot project administered by the Institute ofTransportation Studies at the University of California, Davis (ITS-Davis) in conjunction with Caltrans, American Honda Motor Company, and Caltrain. Partners for Advanced Transit andHighways (PATH) researchers conducted the evaluation. Pilot objectives included testing an advanced carsharing system, understanding user response to this service, and testing its long-term sustainability. From July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002, the CarLink II program was deployed in the field and continued the investigation of...

Potential for Increasing Health-Beneficial Participation in Cycling for Transportation: A “Stages of Change” Perspective on Barcelona’s Bike Sharing Program

Nazelle, A De
Curto, A
Donaire-Gonzalez, D
Mendez, MA
2013
The multiple benefits of active transportation, from non-communicable disease prevention to climate change mitigation, have led to increasing interests in developing multi-disciplinary health impact assessments (HIA) of walking and cycling strategies. However a fundamental uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of policies to change travel and physical activity behaviour remains. Our study aimed to assess the ability of bike sharing programs to facilitate contemplation and change in individuals to begin cycling for travel purposes. Methods: Participants living and working or attending school...

Private and Public Modes of Bicycle Commuting: A Perspective on Attitude and Perception

Tirado, A
Nazelle, A De
González, D
Cole-Hunter, T
Garcia-Aymerich, J
Martinez, D
Anaya, E
Rodriguez, D
Jerrett, M
Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ
2016

Public bicycle-sharing initiatives can act as health enhancement strategies among urban populations. The aim of the study was to determine which attitudes and perceptions of behavioural control toward cycling and a bicycle-sharing system distinguish commuters with a different adherence to bicycle commuting.  Methods: The recruitment process was conducted in 40 random points in Barcelona from 2011 to 2012. Subjects completed a telephone-based questionnaire including 27 attitude and perception statements. Based on their most common one-way commute trip and...

Impacts of Commute Trip Reduction Programs, Rail Station Area Built Environment Changes, and Ride-Hailing Services on Traveler Behavior

Li
Rodriguez, D
Montilla, M
Chatman, D
Chen, P
Yang, X
Winters, P
2022

This project consists of three related studies investigating strategies to address urban congestion: a) employer-based travel demand management strategies, b) improvement of transit station area built environments, and c) understanding the impacts of ride-hailing. Collectively, the three studies represent complementary strategies to address urban congestion. However, each of them focuses on a particular approach from managing demand side incentives to supply side service disruptions.

Determining the Effectiveness of HOV Lanes

May, Adolf D.
Leiman, Lannon
Billheimer, John
2007

This document is the final report for the two-year PATH Project “Determining the Effectiveness of HOV Lanes”. It has been supported by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The primary objectives of this project have been to evaluate freeways having on-freeway HOV lanes in terms of vehicle-travel, person-travel, occupancy distribution, shape and duration of the peak period, congestion patterns, and air quality both in the HOV lane and the adjacent mixed-flow lanes.Based on a comprehensive literature review an extensive list of reference was developed, along with summaries...

Environmental Impacts of Transportation Network Company (TNC)/Ride-Hailing Services: Evaluating Net Vehicle Miles Traveled and Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts within San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C. Using Survey and Activity Data

Martin, Elliot
Shaheen, Susan
Wolfe, Brooke
2024

Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) play a prominent role in mobility within cities across the globe. However, their activity has impacts on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study quantifies the change in personal vehicle ownership and total miles driven by TNC drivers in three metropolitan areas: San Francisco, CA; Los Angeles, CA; and Washington, D.C. The data sources for this analysis comprise two surveys, one for TNC passengers (N = 8630) and one for TNC drivers (N = 5034), in addition to data provided by the TNC operators Uber and Lyft. The...

From Taxis to Ridehailing: Examining Gender Issues for Female Drivers and Passengers

Shaheen, Susan
Cohen, Adam
Wolfe, Brooke
Champlin, Jacob
2024

This report analyzes gender issues for female drivers and passengers of transportation network companies (TNCs) and taxis. Between August 2023 and May 2024, the researchers conducted driver and rider focus groups (n=8 drivers and n=8 passengers); a driver survey (n=170); a TNC user/non-user survey (n=440, including n=217/440 taxi non-users, n=7/440 TNC non-users, and a subset of n=5/440 non- users of TNCs and taxis); and expert interviews (n=13). This research finds that both female drivers and passengers experience an array of safety concerns and challenges traveling with young children...

Challenges and Opportunities Facing App-Based Gig Drivers Extend Beyond Driver Pay

Shaheen, Susan
Wolfe, Brooke
Cohen, Adam
Broader, Jacquelyn
2024

Throughout the U.S., app-based gig drivers provide valuable services for courier network services (CNS) like Instacart, Uber Eats and DoorDash, and transportation network companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft. In California, gig labor classification is governed among other things by Assembly Bill 5 (AB 5), which passed in 2019, and Proposition 22 (Prop 22) adopted in 2020. AB 5 established the ABC Test for worker classification in California labor law. The ABC Test results in most app-based drivers being classified as employees, who are due full labor rights and benefits in California....

What Is the Connection? Understanding Shared Micromobility Links to Rail Public Transit Systems in Major California Cities

Shaheen, Susan
Martin, Elliot
Ju, Mengying
2024

As shared micromobility (bikes and scooters) has proliferated throughout urban areas, there has been growing interest in how it facilitates connections with rail transit systems. This study explores the magnitude of interactions between shared micromobility and rail public transit systems using shared micromobility trip data and rail transit schedule data. We evaluate over one million trips from October 2019 to February 2020 in four California cities (San Francisco, Los Angeles, Sacramento, and San Jose) and develop criteria to identify trips connecting to rail transit. These include...

More Needs to Be Done to Lower Costs for Ridehailing Drivers to Shift to Electric Vehicles

Shaheen, Susan
Martin, Elliot
Ju, Mengying
2025

Transportation network companies (TNCs) have played an increasingly prominent role providing on-demand mobility for consumers across California. The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have adopted and are implementing SB 1014 (Clean Miles Standard), which establishes an annual increase in the percent of zero-emission passenger miles traveled and greenhouse (GHG) emission reduction targets for TNCs. This regulation requires TNC drivers to acquire and operate an electric vehicle (EV).