Infrastructure

Costs for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Infrastructure Improvements

Bushell, MA
Poole, BW
Zegeer, CV
Rodriguez, DA
2013

Costs for pedestrian and bicycle safety infrastructure often vary greatly from city to city and state to state. This document (and associated database) is intended to provide meaningful estimates of infrastructure costs by collecting up-to-date cost information for pedestrian and bicycle treatments from states and cities across the country. Using this information, researchers, engineers, planners, and the general public can better understand the cost of pedestrian and bicycle treatments in their communities and make informed decisions about which infrastructure enhancements are best suited...

The Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Green Buildings in the United States

Kaza, N
Lester, TW
Rodriguez, DA
2013

This paper explores the spatial and temporal patterns of green building in the commercial and institutional sectors in the US. While these buildings are becoming more commonplace, they have yet to reach a critical mass to affect the entire construction industry. Given the potential for green building practices to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, the paper seeks to understand the geography of green building. Using multiple metrics, it explains the patterning of geography of LEED and Energy Star certified buildings in the US. Strong evidence is found of clustering at the...

Change in Walking and Body Mass Index Following Residential Relocation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Hirsch, JA
Roux, AV Diez
Moore, KA
Evenson, KR
Rodriguez, DA
2014

We investigated whether moving to neighborhoods with closer proximity of destinations and greater street connectivity was associated with more walking, a greater probability of meeting the “Every Body Walk!” campaign goals (≥ 150 minutes/week of walking), and reductions in body mass index (BMI). We linked longitudinal data from 701 participants, who moved between 2 waves of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2004–2012), to a neighborhood walkability measure (Street Smart Walk Score) for each residential location. We used fixed-effects models to estimate if changes in walkability...

El Oso Andino (Tremarctos Ornatus) Fuera de las Areas Protegidas en Colombia

Rodriguez, D
2015

The Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus; 70-195 kg; VU) is the only actual South American bear and its habitat comprises Andean forests. The expansion of the agricultural frontier, the conflict retaliation hunting, the road infrastructure, and the lack of effective preservation practices are its threats. The mountain ranges cover 31.3% of the Colombian territory over 400 m.a.s.l., and constitute the backbone of its river structure. It has 326 Protected Areas (AP’s): 66 nationally, 170 regionally, and 90 locally, which take up 49,528.64 km2, 10.3 % of the Colombian Andean region. 166,779 km2...

Combined Measure of Neighborhood Food and Physical Activity Environments and Weight-Related Outcomes: The CARDIA Study

Meyer, K
Boone-Heinonen, J
Duffey, KJ
Rodriguez, D
Kiefe, CI
Lewis, C
Gordon-Larsen, P
2015

Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors likely reflects access to a diverse and synergistic set of food and physical activity resources, yet most research examines discrete characteristics. We characterized neighborhoods with respect to their composition of features, and quantified associations with diet, physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance (IR) in a longitudinal biracial cohort (n=4143; aged 25–37; 1992–2006). We used latent class analysis to derive population-density-specific (<vs.≥1750 people per sq...

Using Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)to Form High-Performance Vehicle Streams. Definitions, Literature Review and Operational Concept Alternatives

Shladover, Steven E.
Nowakowski, Christopher
Lu, Xiao-Yun
2018

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is a term that has been used rather loosely in recent years, such that different people visualize different functions and capabilities when discussing CACC systems. Thus, there are now multiple system concepts that have been described under the CACC label, and the functionalities included in these varied concepts can be quite different from each other. At the heart of each CACC concept is the merging of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), a subset of the broader class of automated speed control systems, with acooperative element, such a Vehicle-to-...

System Fault Detection in Human-Augmented Automated Driving

Cohn, Theodore
2001

Lateral control of a vehicle in the Automated Highway System (AHS) has been formulated and simulated as part of the hierarchical AHS control structure. In that structure, lateral control resides in the vehicle, and is implemented as a closed-loop control system with the lateral deviation of the vehicle from a reference position as a controlled variable and the steering angle or its rate as a controlling input. The PATH AHS scenario has assumed a road reference and sensing system based on magnetic markers equally spaced along a highway lane. Freedom in the selection of the polarity of each...

Exploratory Field Test of Early Fleet Niches for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and Fueling Infrastructure

Martin, Elliot
Shaheen, Susan A., PhD
Lipman, Timothy E., PhD
Lidicker, Jeffrey
2009

Over the last several decades, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have emerged as a zero tailpipe-emission alternative to the battery electric vehicle (EV). There are key questions about consumer reaction and response to operations and refueling of FCVs. This report presents the results of a “ride-and-drive” clinic series (n=182) held in 2007 with a Mercedes-Benz A-Class “F-Cell” hydrogen FCV. The clinic evaluated participant reactions to driving and riding in an FCV, as well as witnessing a vehicle-refueling event. The respondents entered the clinic with a strong interest in alternative...

Vehicle Assist and Automation Demonstration Report

California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology (PATH)
2017

Vehicle Assist and Automation (VAA) systems enable lane-keeping and precision docking of transit vehicles. They offer the opportunities of providing high-quality transit service within reduced lane widths. Sponsored by the United States Department of Transportation, this VAA project aimed to demonstrate the technical merits and feasibility of VAA applications in bus revenue service. The VAA Demonstration project was carried out through the four phases of design, development, deployment, and operational tests. In the design phase, the system architecture and requirements were finalized, and...

Development of Deployment Strategy for an Integrated BRT System

Miller, Mark A.
Tan, Chin-Woo
Golub, Aaron
Hickman, Mark
Lau, Peter
Zhang, Wei-Bin
2006

BRT mixes the flexibility of traditional bus transit service with an array of higher performance rail transit features. One of its advantages over rail, however, is its possibility for incremental and flexible deployment. With this flexibility and incremental nature comes a deployment process for BRT that is highly complex because numerous elements can be incorporated in any number of distinct phases. In almost all BRT deployments, ITS and advanced bus technologies have been applied to BRT, however, in less than a fully integrated manner. This project explores how deployment decisions can...