Cette étude examine les initiatives de transport actif à l'école par le système Active Living by Design Community Action Model (vie active selon le modèle d'action de conception communautaire). Le système souligne cinq stratégies influençant l'activité physique : la préparation, la promotion, les programmes, les politiques et les projets physiques.
Child pedestrian injuries are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the United States and the world. Repeated practice at the cognitive-perceptual task of crossing a street may lead to safer pedestrian behavior. Virtual reality offers a unique opportunity for repeated practice without the risk of actual injury. This study conducted a pre-post within-subjects trial of training children in pedestrian safety using a semi-mobile, semi-immersive virtual pedestrian environment placed at schools and community centers. Pedestrian safety skills among a group of 44 seven- and eight...
Adult bicycle education classes are becoming an increasingly popular strategy to improve safety, mitigate congestion, and reach environmental goals. However, there is limited empirical research on the effectiveness of these classes among adults, and there are no studies evaluating the impacts of classroom-based education on this population. To address this gap in knowledge, a study was conducted evaluating the effectiveness of classroom-based adult bicycle education on delivering changes related to bicycling activity, self-perceptions while bicycling, knowledge of the bicycling rules of...
El aseguramiento de la calidad en educación superior es una tendencia a nivel mundial (UNESCO, 2016), que surge como respuesta a una serie de demandas, tales como: evaluar el impacto de la oferta educativa, justificar el aporte público y privado al sistema, proteger a los estudiantes e identificar perfiles de egreso (Lemaitre, 2015). Por esto, algunos sistemas educativos del mundo han establecido sus propios sistemas de aseguramiento de la calidad, destacando dentro de sus enfoques el que entiende el aseguramiento de la calidad como un proceso permanente (improvement), relacionado al...
This book introduces readers to Psychoadaptation—a general model of change that stresses the importance of experiencing disequilibrium in the development of a healthy Self—and applies it to a range of examples across the academic, sport, and health domains. Built upon his studies of human development and learning, Daniel Rodriguez offers an overview of a model of change with a specific focus on the development of Self and conceptions of Self. The author begins by focusing on academic topics such as conducting research, teaching, and being a student, before highlighting examples from sport...
Pedestrian injury is among the top causes of death in North American children ages 5-12 (NCIPC, 2014). Research documents a wide range of factors that contribute to child pedestrian injury risk, but many contributing factors remain unknown and unevaluated. This study considered two such factors: institution of safety rules by parents and children’s experience crossing streets. We hypothesized both presence of parental rules about traffic safety and greater child pedestrian experience would be associated with safer pedestrian behavior in children.
In 2012 the US pedestrian fatality rate increased 6%, with 4,743 deaths occurring that year, equivalent to almost 13 fatalities per day and more than one every two hours. Children aged 5-9 years accounted for 22% of pedestrian fatalities (NHTSA, 2012). Studies suggest young children often negotiate dangerous street environments when travelling unsupervised by adults to and from school (Martin, Lee, & Lowry, 2007) so not surprisingly, community-based initiatives like Walking School Bus and Safe Routes to School are flourishing. A major limitation of such programs, however, is they...
This paper poses two key questions regarding ATMIS implementation: how are ATMIS services successfully implemented?, in what circumstances are ATMIS strategies cost-effective? The authors attempt to find answers by examining case studies of twelve jurisdictions. The answers should help others judge where and how ATMIS should be implemented. The first section of the paper identifies the requirements for successful ATMIS implementation and operation based on the case study findings. The second describes a diffusion pattern found in the case studies. The final section concludes that more is...
This paper presents improved solution methods for kinematic wave trafficc problems with concave flow-density relations. As explained in part I of this work, the solution of a kinematic wave problem is a set of continuum least-cost paths in space-time. The least cost to reach a point is the vehicle number. The idea here consists in overlaying a dense but discrete network with appropriate costs in the solution region and then using a shortest-path algorithm to estimate vehicle numbers. With properly designed networks, this procedure is more accurate than existing methods and can be applied...
Low-income communities of color in formerly redlined neighborhoods face persistent racial disparities and inequities in pollution exposure, access to transportation and safe streets, and inadequate provisions for health, safety, stable housing, clean air, education, and employment. In the process of attempting to remedy such disparities through major transportation infrastructure and access improvements, residents who are intended to benefit from expanded transportation access and options are often placed at increased risk of harmful displacement, gentrification, and environmental...
